Welcome to Hong Kong War Diary - a project that documents the 1941 defence of Hong Kong, the defenders, their families, and the fates of all until liberation. This page is updated monthly with a record of research and related activities. Pages on the left cover the books that have spun off from this project, and a listing of each and every member of the Garrison. Comments, questions, and information are always welcome. Tony Banham, Hong Kong: tony@hongkongwardiary.com
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April Images
Hong Kong Historians (author), France, HKVDC (courtesy Tai Hang Wong), Home & Royal Rifles (courtesy Bill Lake) POW Bracelet (courtesy Sharyn Kreuger) A R Fullerton letter (via Stephen Dowd), Jackson watch (courtesy Craig Mitchell) Chan Sik Tim, OBE (courtesy Micky Chan), Allam Khan, and Allah Rakka Khan papers (courtesy Charles Ingmire)
April News
Many years ago, when an ex-HKRNVR officer passed away, his family kindly sent me the Roll of Honour of the Hong Kong Club which he had in his possession. Many years later this led to the Club mounting a professionally made Roll of Honour on the premises, faithfully reproducing the paper original. One of my long-term projects has been to research each of the individuals represented there. Many are of course very straightforward, old Hong Kong hands lost in the HKVDC or the HKRNVR, or who died in Stanley Camp. But a surprising number were lost far away, in different battlegrounds or at sea. There are even a few whose deaths I have not yet got to the bottom of (they are not recorded in the CWGC files). But this month I got a little closer to one of them.
29 Last month I mentioned that there had been a very interesting find in the hills. I can now reveal that it was an inscribed watch that had belonged to Rifleman Ray D. Jackson, B/68205, of the Royal Rifles of Canada. It was found on the hillside where he was killed. His comrades had initially brought his body down and buried it by the path, from which temporary grave he was reinterred in 1947 - but clearly various bits and pieces were left at the spot where he had actually lost his life. My initial reaction to the find was pride that the watch had been located at the place where I had deduced (in Not The Slightest Chance) that he was lost. But immediately that feeling was replaced with tragedy. The boy was only 21 when he was killed, very much the same age as my oldest son. When he put that watch on his wrist he had all his life to look forward to. Keep an eye on Philip Cracknell’s blog, as I expect he will shortly tell the whole story of how he and a wholly admirable group have returned the watch to the family.
25 Elizabeth Ride let me know of the Chinese Dragons British Lions exhibition at the University of Hong Kong, which will continue for another month. 25 Chan Sik Tim’s (HKVDC) son got in touch, kindly sending a photo of his father. Chan was in 3 Battery, and was one of many local Volunteers who – at the suggestion of their officers – melted into the background after the surrender and were not interned. He notes that he has collected many papers about his father, and: “Most of this info refers to my father’s life and his achievements in HKG, and on top of the list is him being awarded the MBE by her Majesty in 1969. During the 1950’s and 60’s, he was a well known public figure involved in numerous public organisations. One of those being the Chairmanship of the HongKong School Sports Association that re-established the Physical Education programme in all HKG schools that eventually led to him being awarded the MBE.” On their wartime experiences, he notes of his parents that they: “escaped to Macau first, then came back to marry in HKG. The banquet was at the Peninsula Hotel. I have their married Certificate, Chinese style, very elaborate and colourful. They spent the rest of the war in HKG and both sides of the family suffered very badly under the hands of the Japanese. Pretty much lost everything.” Interestingly, Michael Wright of 3 Battery is still with us – I believe he is the last surviving officer from wartime Hong Kong, now 104 years old. 25 Tai Hang Wong reports on the finding of an unusual war relic at the northern end of the steep Pan Long Wan Road in the Clear Water Bay region. He notes: “More than thirty years ago our late maternal uncle told us that this cow shed had been used by the guerrillas during the war years as a makeshift detention and interrogation centre of their captured pro-Japanese elements and thugs. Those found guilty were bought to a beach further down the village to be executed. The reliability of this war relic is confirmed by the old villagers, in particular the two surviving ‘little devils’.”
24 A correspondent made a kind offer: “I have an envelope of a prisoner of war letter addressed to Lieutenant Goldman of 5th AA battery and if you have any relatives contact I would like to send it to them”. This is of course Captain Lawrence ‘Lolly’ Goldman, HKVDC, but unfortunately I have not yet had any contact with his family. Can anyone help? His wife Elizabeth and daughters Elizabeth junior and Pamela were evacuated to Melbourne in 1940, returning to the UK in 1946, but there I lose track of them. 24 David Grant notes: “I am researching the Auxiliary Police in Ireland, what many would call the Black and Tans in Ireland in War of Independence. One of them was a Japanese prisoner and died in 1942 in Hong Kong. You already have him on your database. I don't know if you record further details of the men, but if you do, feel free to use any of this.”
23 Continuing research into Hong Kong Club members who lost their lives during the war, I am down to just two who I cannot identify. But I found a new lead on one I know simply as “A.R. Fullerton”. He is not recorded in CWGC, nor can I find him anywhere else so I assumed he must have left Hong Kong before the outbreak of war. I knew that his family had been evacuated to a flat in St Kilda in 1940, and at this link I discovered a letter to them which he had posted from Victoria, Hong Kong at 4 pm, 17 November 1941 – just three weeks before the invasion. So perhaps he was lost in Hong Kong after all? The only other member I have not been able to locate was ‘A M Barton’. The Bartons were a very big family, and W M Barton was also a Club member, who died of wounds from King’s Road. But I’ve yet to find any records of an A M. Even Barbara Anslow has no memory of anyone of that name, and she knew the family in camp and is still in touch with several of them today. There are still one or two more on the list whose identities I know, but whose records of death I can’t yet find – but I suspect that some of these may not have had British nationality (for example Oliver John Shannon who was apparently killed as a civilian in Manila – possibly American) and therefore are not recorded by CWGC.
20Bill Lakes kindly sent a rather good photo of Lt. Col. William Home of the Royal Rifles from a newspaper clipping.
19 This evening George Cautherley (himself born in Stanley Camp) organised a gathering at the Hong Kong Club to discuss the general question of Hong Kong’s historical archives, and what potential their future might hold. It was certainly a most distinguished group, and on the photo above one can see: Seated, font row, L to R: Chris Munn, Chloe Lai, our host George Cautherley, Vaudine England, Geoff Emerson. Standing, L to R: Philip Cracknell, Robert Bickers, Peter Cunich, Robert Nield, Tony Banham, David Bellis, John Wong. One thing I learned from this assembly of luminaries is that a five-part trilogy is called a quintet. I should have known that! 19 Tai Hang Wong kindly sent a photo of Norman Hoole France, HKVDC, who I note in Not The Slightest Chance was shot by a sniper at Stanley. However, in Sheridan’s diary I found the following entry: “As we were carting some cases from an upper bedroom I discovered a body in a cupboard at the top of the stairs. He had slumped down with a rifle between his knees and his brains had been shot out. Whether it was an accident or not we could decide. However, Tuck recognised the man as Professor France of Hong Kong University, a member of the H.K.V.D.C.” From this, and other notes found by Tai Hang, I think suicide is more likely. For the pictures themselves, the top one shows Mr France and Mrs. Selwyn-Clarke accompanying Madame Soong Ching Ling (Chairman of the China Defence League) boarding a launch (carrying medical supplies in aid of China war efforts) at Central in 1939. The lower picture shows the committee members of the China Defence League in 1938 outside a building on Seymour Road; Norman Hoole France, second from right, was the Honorary Treasurer and Hilda Selwyn-Clarke (third from right) the Honorary Secretary. Tai Hang also sent this link to a set of writing about (or by) the famous writer and HKU student Eileen Chang (the ‘From the Ashes’ link on that page has more about France). France was of course a professor of history at HKU.
18 Bill Lake kindly sent me a newspaper clipping from George Wong’s treason trial, which noted that the Japanese war memorial off Mount Cameron was intended to be the site of mass Hara Kiri following “the expected British invasion.” The base of the war memorial of course still exists, and rumours persist of an ancient Samurai sword buried inside.
17 Richard Keown’s daughter got in touch. Keown was in the Dockyard and was one of those who escaped on the Pakhoi which had sailed from Shanghai for Hong Kong on 20 November 1941. After she discharged her cargo on 28 November, with twenty-eight Britons and six Norwegians on board, she left. But when war came the ship would be intercepted by the Japanese, and taken with her passengers to Amoy and internment. Keown therefore ended up with a number of other Hong Kong Dockyard staff at the Haiphong Road Camp. At some point I must see if I can work out all the names of this group, many of whose wives and children (like my correspondent) would have been evacuated to Australia in 1940.
15 Tai Hang Wong let me know that Galen Perras’s rather good article “Defeat Still Cries Aloud for Explanation: Explaining C Force’s Dispatch to Hong Kong” can be downloaded here.
13Allah Rakka Khan (Punjabis) son-in-law got in touch. He notes that Khan: “moved from Pakistan to the UK in the late 1950s under an invitation letter from Field Marshall Auchinleck, presumably a general letter for those who served under him in the forces (although I have not seen this letter)… From his Certificate of Service which his wife has kept… it appears that he served in Malaya/Hong Kong in WWII as part of the Punjab Regiment. He was from a village in Punjab close to Jhelum which was the Punjab Regimental Centre. After the war this area of course became part of Pakistan.” Khan lived from 1921-1979. He continues: “Amazingly, his brother Allam Khan who was also serving, but whom Allah Rakka had not seen for 4 years, also survived the internment. They were reunited in hospital after their liberation by a nurse who twigged that there were two patients from the same place in the Punjab (called Chakanwali). What a great moment for them that must have been. His widow says that he was not wounded, but I did note on his Service record that there is reference to scars, but that may have been unrelated to the war as he continued in the army until 1956 I think. I think that his health probably suffered greatly as a result of his wartime privations and he died aged 59.” He also kindly sent a photo of the brother, Allam Khan.
10I received a very interesting email noting: “I recently discovered a POW bracelet engraved with the name J. T. Sayer. My uncle served in WWII on a naval ship that I understand took part in retrieving POWs from Japanese camps. A Mr. Jonathan Moffatt suggested that you might be able to provide information that would help me trace the gentleman’s family so that I could give them the bracelet. Barring that, is there somewhere I could send the bracelet? I don’t want to simply throw it out.” The bracelet is that of Corporal John Thomas Sayer, 7261964, Royal Army Medical Corps. He spent the entire POW period at Shamshuipo, and was then presumably repatriated on HMCS Prince Robert. A photo of the bracelet was kindly attached to the email and is reproduced above. I contacted the RAMC museum, but unfortunately they have no leads on the family. Can anyone help? 10 Seeing the note about the Bungalow C bombing last week, Bill Lake kindly sent the relevant part of John Charter’s diary which gives by far the most comprehensive account of the attach from the Stanley Camp side that I have ever seen. It was clearly a very major attack, and it’s a wonder that there were no fatalities outside the bungalow. Others were hit by 50-cal bullets from the strafing, and in at least one case a spent 50-cal cartridge case penetrated someone’s leg! I had often wondered about that when I picked these cases (and their larger brother, the 20mm) up on my local North Norfolk beach as a child. Falling from a fighter’s wings at the rate of 40 or 60 per second, they would have a fair amount of kinetic energy on impact. 10 Jen & Philip Burton, seeing the mention of ‘Darkie’ Elsworth last month, kindly sent a couple of paragraphs about him from WISP (William Sprague’s diary), which I passed to the family. They were very grateful.
4 Ben Wespi, great grandson of Joe Mason (Stanley internee buried in Stanley cemetery) passed through Hong Kong for the Sevens. Mason’s daughter Edith Badger who I corresponded with over many years and at great length, always claimed that he had been responsible for hiding much of Hong Kong’s bullion during the war years. 4 That’s it. The fourth book of my five part trilogy (!) on wartime Hong Kong - “Reduced to a Symbolical Scale”, the evacuation of British women and children from Hong Kong to Australia in 1940 - is finally complete (at least, from my side). Now it’s just a matter of waiting for publication. Hopefully we’ll see it in the summer.
1 Steve Denton sent me an interesting obituary of Norman Colley, RE, who appears to have been the man of that name who was on the Lisbon Maru. Colley passed away as recently as 9 February 2016, so somehow I missed contacting him. Steve also sent me a couple of POW poems, including one from Colley, and the well-known ‘A Prisoner’s Prayer’ by Roger Rothwell of the Middlesex (illustrated). 1 The South China Morning Post carried an interesting and timely warning on our unexploded ordnance.
April 1st, 2017 Update
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March Images
Five generations of Harts in 2011 (courtesy Archie Hart), HKVDC Memorial at the National Arboretum (courtesy Andrew Suddaby), Elsworth and 'Uncle Albert' (courtesy Shane Honey) Iris Hay Edie book, Vigliada entry in St Paul's (author), Middlesex Ashtray (courtesy Craig Mitchell) North Point Camp interior and exterior (HK Gov files via author), Stanley 16.Jan.45 (courtesy Craig Mitchell)
March News
James Hart - one of the few survivors of Hong Kong’s Eucliffe Massacre - has passed away at Wishaw General Hospital on 8 March 2017. Hart was born at 16 Eastvale Place, Glasgow, 26 January 1916 and was brought up in Craigneuk, Wishaw, going to Craigneuk Public School and then Wishaw Central Secondary School. He joined the Army at the age of 19, and was posted to Hong Kong in 1937. He was a driver in the Royal Army Service Corps, and when the Japanese invaded Hong Kong he served as Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Fredericks’ personal driver and was thus very much in the thick of the action. Along with two hundred other RASC and RAOC men, he found himself at The Ridge as the Japanese penetrated through the middle of Hong Kong Island. Escaping southwards, he was captured and taken to Eucliffe where he and many other men were bayoneted. Fortunately his Sam Brown belt gave him some protection, but his seven bayonet wounds left him in such a condition that when the Japanese came to finish the wounded off, they ignored him. Once they had departed, he escaped towards Chung Hom Kok in no more than his underpants, finding some Canadian soldiers there. They watched a suicidal Japanese human wave attack south across St Stephen’s playing fields, then he showed the Canadians the way to Victoria. There he went to his local girl friend’s house, and turned himself in to the Japanese only after she had patched him up. After a period in Sham Shui Po POW camp he was shipped to Japan on the third draft, finally being liberated by the Americans from Nagoya #9B POW Camp. Leaving the army after returning to the UK, he married Elizabeth Yardley in January 1946 and they would have five sons. Initially he worked at the Excelsior Steel Works, Wishaw, and then returned to the Army in 1947, serving on the Rhine and on other postings until 1958. When he left the army the second time, following the closure of his station at Golden Hill Fort on the Isle of Wight, he worked for Pittis and Sons estate agents and then became a postman — a job he continued on the island until he retired. In retirement he enjoyed travel — visiting Australia, Italy and Canada, as well as Hong Kong, which he travelled to many times to view the war graves of fallen comrades. He was a well-known and active member of the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes on the Isle of Wight, and was also a sports fan, enjoying playing outdoor bowls and darts.
28 Some very emotive personal effects turned up in the hills today, but I will leave it to the discoverers to break that news when they are ready. 28 Stuart McDonald, himself ex-Royal Scots, kindly sent a letter written by Private George Urquhart, Royal Scots, who survived the Lisbon Maru. There are many interesting things in the letter, but one quote which stuck in my mind was: “The next morning, small boats arrived from the big island, we had to give a watch or a ring to be taken to the other island. Hector (the CQMS) was the only one of the three of us that had a ring. He told us it was from his wife. He handed it over and the three of us were taken to the other island.” Hector was CQMS Hector Stoddart.
27 Phil Cracknell has published his monthly blog for March.
26I’ve been in contact with the son of Stanley internee Fred Myhill. Very interesting. 26 I noticed today that the HKVCA website has the Royal Rifles of Canada War Diary on it – a very useful resource. Unfortunately they don’t yet have the Winnipeg Grenadiers diary.
24While searching for something else entirely, I read the HK Government’s 1939 Medical Report. In it I found two photos which I had not seen before, showing the interior and exterior of what was then the brand new North Point Refugee Camp.
20 The family of Edward Boryer (HKDDC) got back in touch. They sent me a passenger list from 1941 showing Boryer’s voyage to Hong Kong. By coincidence Mrs and Master Danbrowsky of Stanley’s Bungalow A are listed there too! 20 Andrew Suddaby kindly sent a couple of photos of memorials at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire. My wife and I visited twice a few years ago when attending Researching FEPOW History conferences, but I think these must be relatively new.
19Dealing with the interesting question of whether Bungalow C at Stanley was accidentally bombed by aircraft attacking a lighter off shore to its west, or by an aircraft attacking the camp in the incorrect belief that it was a Japanese barracks, the answer seems to be ‘probably’. Craig Mitchell kindly passed me the USS Cabot and USS Langley reports detailing the attack, which clearly state that the ‘barracks’ were strafed and the lighter was hit by one pair of aircraft. This makes sense as the internees reported the strafing, and one family has preserved a 50-cal bullet picked up on that day. However, another pair of aircraft claimed to have not only strafed, but also dropped 500-pound bombs on (and fired rockets at) the barracks, until they were ‘rendered unserviceable’– which seems unlikely as surely such a major attack would have been reported by the internees, unless these ‘barracks’ were actually Stanley jail rather than Stanley Internment Camp? At the moment that seems to be the most likely explanation because the reports included an amazing photo of Stanley taken that day, in which the Stanley Prison compound really does look like a barracks.
18 I discovered an error in my online records today. I list a Sister A.D. Stutchbury as a nurse. In fact this was a typing error, caused by me reading Mr A. D. Stutchbury’s name just above a list of sisters at the University Hospital, and incorrectly adding him to it when I typed the list up. Interestingly, though, in 1946 he married nurse Norah Witchell (who would later be murdered by terrorists in Malaya), the sister of May Witchell who became Brigadier Lindsay Ride’s second wife. 18 I finally finished the indexing of Reduced To A Symbolical Scale today and sent it off to Hong Kong University Press. That was four weekends’ work. Several people have suggested to me that software packages can do this job these days, but unfortunately that’s not really the case unless your topic is extremely simple. 18 Someone made yet another interesting find in the hills today, a Middlesex regimental ashtray! It doesn’t really make any sense at that particular location, so their best guess is that the Japanese had taken it as a souvenir.
15 Jim Trick let me know that the Spring edition of the HKVCA newsletter is now available. 15 I’ve been corresponding again with the family of Ernest William Wakeham. They note: “He led a very interesting life, the latter part of it in Hong Kong, working as one of two Admiralty Clerks. The other one was E F T Venables. He worked for the Senior Officer (Naval) Intelligence, and worked at (The) Naval Intelligence Centre, HM Dockyard, Hong Kong. Although officially classified as a ‘Civilian’, because he was an Admiralty employee and not a member of the Armed Forces, he was nonetheless imprisoned at Shamshuipo, along with the (mostly) military POW’s. As you know, he was shipped on the SS Lisbon Maru, to be used for slave labour in Japan, but perished in the tragedy. Having been born on 14 October 1879, he was sixty-five, when he died. Quite how much work the Japanese hoped to extract from a sixty-five year old, has to be a matter of conjecture – or possible desperation.” They have also kindly sent me a number of letters relating to the family after his death, which illustrate just how much tidying up of legal and family affairs had to be done after the end of the war. Wakeham had also received the Greek ‘Order of the Redeemer (fifth class), and Greek Medal of Military Merit (fourth class) for Great War service. The family still has the former, but presumably the latter went down with him (as friends noted that he was wearing a canvas crucifix when he was lost, into which he had sown jewelry and other valuables). They have also kindly sent me his unpublished biography, which looks very interesting.
13 Courtenay Eric ‘Darkie’ Elsworth’s (RA) son got in touch, kindly sending a couple of photos of his father. He notes that he has: “two books that were given to him that have helped with my research: Escape to Fight on by John Whitehead, and, Roll Call at Oeyama by Frank Evans. [My father] is mentioned in both and he met with Frank to aid his memory while Frank was writing his book/diary. John Whitehead asked my father to join them in the escape but he was undecided and chose not to go.” The man in the dark uniform was known as ‘Uncle Albert’, and was a close friend until many years after the war. I’ve been puzzling over the identity of ‘Uncle Albert’ and I suspect that’s a sergeant’s uniform, in which case (assuming he was in the same unit) it could be Sergeant Albert Farrington, or Sergeant Albert Shepherd. Either way he lived until at least 1995. Elsworth also recorded an oral history tape with the IWM, though unfortunately it’s not available online.
10 My copy of Adventure, Romance and War in the Far East by Iris Hay-Edie arrived today. I believe this was a Brian Edgar recommendation, and it covers the experiences of Hay-Edie who was a Scottish lass married to a Norwegian when the Japanese invaded. As a ‘friendly’ national she was allowed to escape to Macau. I believe I have (boasting now…) the world’s most complete library of published Hong Kong wartime non-fiction, but this one was new to me! If ever I’m able to publish the fully revised edition of Not The Slightest Chance, it contains a greatly expanded annotated bibliography of all the works in my collection which must now total around 300 volumes.
8Archie Hart, son of James Hart, RASC, let me know the sad news that his father passed away at 12.55 pm today of a stroke. I had thought he was indestructible, travelling independently until very recently. We’re down to very small numbers now. From the HKVDC (now that we’ve lost Jack Mitchell) I just know two survivors, plus two from the Royal Scots, but none that I’m now in contact with from the Middlesex, RN, Artillery, or other units. On the Canadian side we still have George Peterson (the last of the Winnipeg Grenadiers – see last month), Gerry Gerard (RCCS), and fourteen Royal Rifles including Bob Barter, Paul Dallain, Phil Doddridge and George MacDonell. From India, where I was never able to build a good network, I don’t know of any. 8 The Club Historian of Sefton RUFC, Liverpool contacted me as he is researching Corporal William Houston, HKVDC. According to his POW Index card, Houston hailed from Dunbarton, Scotland, and was born in 1888. That would have made him around 53 in 1941. He notes: “we had a W. Houston playing for our team in the 1913-14 season, they were known as ‘The Aliens’ then, a group of schoolteachers, but renamed Sefton in 1920. They always had a few drifters playing for them. I can't find anybody on the 1911 census that fits the bill apart from this William who was a travelling mechanic.”
6Owen Evans’s (internee) daughter joined the Stanley Camp group.
4 Had a good walk up Jardine’s Lookout early in the morning, and from the summit took a photo (illustrated) towards where we live. 4 Brian Edgar brought up an interesting topic: When was Stanley Internment Camp finally closed? He pointed to this page on gwulo.
3 I had a fascinating email from someone who thinks they may be related to Natalia Vigliada. I know nothing about this young lady except that she appears in HKPRO records as being Italian, eleven years old at the beginning of 1942, and in St Paul’s Hospital in Causeway Bay. She may be related (or even the daughter of) George Vigliada who eventually married a Tamara Golodnikoff. As always, any further information would be gratefully received.
March 1st, 2017 Update
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February Images
Stuart Woods montage (Sing Pao, via facebook), Punjab War Diary (courtesy Mark Burch), Alfred Stickland (courtesy Terry Myatt) HK Radio Review program (courtesy Briony Widdis), Bob Tatz on Bowen Road (courtesy Bob Tatz), Belt Buckle (courtesy Craig Mitchell) Spitfire XIX over the IGH (via facebook), St Paul's Convent (courtesy Francis Cheung), George Petersen (courtesy HKVCA)
February News
It’s amazing how dopey somebody (me, in this case) can be. For many years I ignored Mountain Lodge. I knew that only the old gatehouse was left as the house itself was demolished in 1946, so didn’t bother going to look. And yet twice a week I would charge up Hatton Road to walk round the Peak. Then towards the end of 2016 I finally took the steps up from the top of Hatton Road to Governor’s Walk (past two wartime Japanese tunnels), and discovered the wonderful Narnia-like park up there. Now I visit every time I walk up the Peak. Then on Saturday 25 of this month, instead of turning to my right and walking straight to the gatehouse I turned to my left. What had been a dismal low-clouded sky at six in the morning had become a very clear day by seven thirty, and I stumbled across the best view in Hong Kong, looking out over Lamma, Lantau, Cheung Chau and (had a tree not been in the way) Stonecutters and Kowloon. I took a photo for a passing Polish tourist, telling him that though I’d been living in Hong Kong for 30 years it was the first time I’d visited that particular spot. “Is nice view”, he said. He was right.
28 Wayne Carew (son of Duncan Boag Izatt of 3 Coy HKVDC) got back in touch to report the finding of some letters from ex 3 Coy men – including Bevan Field - to his father. There must be thousands like that out there, many of them holding useful snippets.
26 Making the most of this being the coldest day of the winter (seven degrees on the Peak), today I set off early to walk from Conduit Road to Quarry Bay. My route was Bowen Road, Wanchai Gap Road, Black’s Link, Wong Nai Chung Gap, the summit of Jardine’s Lookout, the summit of Mount Butler, down exactly 600 steps, then descending Mount Parker Road to King’s Road, and finally (cheating) the MTR back to Central. 26 Geoffre Arnold’s (HKVDC) family got in touch. He is in my records with the ‘Y’, but apparently that’s incorrect. With references to the 1940 evacuation they note: “He was a son of Eunice Arnold (nee Gaines), a widow. The siblings, oldest first, were George, Edward (died young in HK), Geoffre, Roger, Poppy and Nils. All except Geoffre were evacuated with Eunice.” It was quite common for older sons to be left in Hong Kong – usually in the HKVDC – when their younger siblings evacuated.
25 This is the first of two indexing weekends for Reduced to a Symbolical Scale. I cannot express how much I hate this job. Indexing a book requires such a high degree of concentration that I can do only ten pages at a time, and then I need a break. My kids taught me how to play League of Legends a few years back, so I index ten pages, play a game of ARAM, then index the next ten. Each set of ten takes me around 45 minutes. I’ll be glad when it’s over.
23 Alfred Stickland’s (Royal Navy) family got in touch. He was in my records erroneously as Strickland (a much more common spelling). See his photograph, together with others from the first draft to Japan, in the November update. His family notes that he passed away in south London in 1988.
22 Philip Cracknell has updated his blog about Erinville and Cash’s Bungalow.
21 Alexander Leslie’s (Royal Scots – see March 2016) great granddaughter got in touch saying that he would be 101 next month. 21 Steve Denton kindly sent me this interesting Exhibits file from the war crimes trial of Hiroyuki Morita. There are some affidavits from ex-HK POWs towards the back.
20 Brian Finch kindly pointed out that in the book The Sinking of The Lisbon Maru, I mistakenly used the reference PRO 234/1114 for the photo on the front page. It should of course have been WO 235/1114. It shows how easily proof-reading mistikes can be made…
19 Donald Penny’s (Royal Canadian Corps of Signals) nephew got in touch. This nephew is the younger brother of Burke Penny, who wrote the excellent book Beyond The Call about the Canadian Signallers in Hong Kong.
18 It’s funny how these things happen. Today on facebook appeared a photo of a Spitfire PR XIX overflying the other pre-war building visible from my Causeway Bay office! Immediately under its centre section is the Indian General Hospital.
15 Bob Tatz let me know that his autobiographical book Lifeboat Without A Rudder is nearing completion. I look forward to publicizing it (and reading it, obviously) later this year. He also kindly gave me permission to show an amazing photo of Bob and several other ‘stay outs’ on Bowen Road with Japanese officers. I walk past this spot every afternoon on the way back from the office. 15 I received a very welcome email today from a gentleman whose grandfather had served on the USS Gosper, and had repatriated survivors from the Lisbon Maru. They had presented him with poems by Alan Potter and Roger Rothwell. Both these were well-known poems among the POWs, but make a remarkable souvenir never the less. There is also a poem called “Let us give thanks” by Lt M.C. McGregor, but he doesn’t seem to have been from the Hong Kong garrison. 15 I received the proofs for Reduced To A Symbolical Scale today. Next comes the job of indexing, something that for some reason I detest!
14 Today’s Sing Pao ran a story about Stuart Woods and his amazing finds. Rather kindly, someone had put Not The Slightest Chance in the middle of the feature as a sort of product placement (thanks to ‘Mc Yu’ for putting the image on the Battle of Hong Kong facebook page). 14 Another nice blog from Phillip Cracknell, this time featuring Major Edward William Francis de Vere Hunt.
13Martin Heyes kindly sent a photo of the 1941 – 45 Roll of Honour from the Ohel Leah Synagogue in Robinson Road, Mid-Levels (illustrated). It includes two nurses, Leontine Ellis and Sarah Gubbay, who were both lost in 1942 but I don’t have the cause of death for either in my records. All the others, aside from Isaac Goldenberg of the HKRNVR, and David Kossick of Civil Defence who was lost on the Jeanette, were HKVDC.
12 John Goodenough’s (RA, Lisbon Maru) granddaughter got in touch. Unfortunately she has not responded to my replies. Check your spam filter, Anne! 12 Dave Deptford reports: “DNW March sale - Lot 218. Group to Brig MacLeod C.R.A HK and another to his wife, member of HK Vol Nursing Detachment.” Unfortunately there’s a sad addendum, his son’s medals are also included, and he was lost at El Alamein.
11 Mark Burch kindly sent me a copy of the 2/14 Punjab War diary (WO 172/1691).
8 Briony Widdis kindly sent me a Hong Kong Radio Review for 25 January 1941. Father Thomas F. Ryan later wrote the book: Jesuits Under Fire in the Siege of Hong Kong (1944). 8 The HKVCA (web page, facebook page) posted a photo of George Petersen today, stating that he is the last of the Hong Kong Winnipeg Grenadiers still with us.
7 Avery Tong kindly let me know that Lt Col Reginald David Walker’s (OBE, MC, ED, HKVDC) medals are available on eBay. He moved from Malaya to Hong Kong in 1934, where he was appointed Acting Manager and Chief Engineer of Kowloon-Canton Railway, and was advanced to Manager and Chief Engineer in August the same year. He commanded the HKVDC REs during the fighting, and was badly wounded in Wong Nai Chung Gap and rescued by two Winnipeg Grenadiers. When the Japanese finally overran those shelters, he helped negotiate a relatively bloodless surrender.
6Francis Cheung kindly sent a few recent photos of St Paul’s Convent, one of two historical buildings (the other being the old Indian General Hospital – or Tung Hwa Eastern Hospital) that I can see from my office window.
4 I generally don’t report on things found in the hills any more as so much is in a dangerous state, but an interesting belt buckle (1908 patent. HKVDC?) turned up today. Something rather more valuable, but dating from just after the war, also turned up a few weeks ago.
1 Elizabeth Ride asked for photos of Grayburn, Morrison, and Fenwick of the HSBC, to illustrate the BAAG volume she is currently working on, and the bank’s archivist kindly sent a number of possible illustrations. Grayburn (together with Edmonston) of course died of mistreatment in Stanley prison, but Morrison and Fenwick were spirited out of Hong Kong in a daring rescue led by BAAG agent 64 and involving 48 and 19.
February 1st, 2017 Update
Image:
January Images
Jack Mitchell (courtesy Kenneth l'Anson), Gerald Golledge (courtesy Julie Heyer), Commemorating H.W.M. Dulley (courtesy Hugh Dulley) Alan Weare, RAF (courtesy Jim Stewart), US bombing of Hong Kong (via Tai Hang Wong), Uncle Mac's Hong Kong Diary (author) Rajputs and Gilman's garage (via facebook), Marcel Doiron (courtesy Robert Chan), Food Control notice (courtesy Roger Stride, Via Martin Heyes)
January News
Lunar New Year is my favourite time for walking round Hong Kong, as it’s so quiet. Twice this holiday I did my favourite local route of Hatton Road, Governor’s Walk, Mount Austin Road, Old Peak Road, and once I trudged Bowen Road, Wanchai Gap Road, Coombe Road, Barker Road, and down Old Peak Road again. Both times it was dripping wet – well inside cloud level at the top – and neither time did I see more than twelve to twenty other people (though admittedly I left home pretty early). But there are times on both walks when all you can see is Hong Kong as it was seventy-five years ago (or seventy-two, perhaps, if you count the two Japanese-built tunnels off Governor’s Walk).
30Philip Cracknell has published the next edition of his monthly blog about wartime Hong Kong. 30 One more chat with Elizabeth Ride over dinner today. Hopefully we’ll have a chance for at least one further before she departs.
26 Hugh Dulley (see last month) kindly sent me a photo of him commemorating the 75th anniversary of the death of his father Lt.Cdr. H.W.M. (Peter) Dulley. His father was leading a small group from HKRNVR, which was supporting army units defending Postbridge from the Japanese. This was a part of the defence of Wong Nai Chung Gap which fell shortly afterwards. 26 I heard today from the Hart family that James Hart, RASC, is celebrating his 101st birthday. 26 William Shore kindly sent the Stanley Group the UNRRA personnel file of his great uncle, Chris Evans, who was interned at Stanley and then other internment camps in Shanghai.
25 Henry Macnamara’s (RA, Stanley Internee) family got in touch via Ron Taylor (UK).
23 At lunchtime today I had my annual speaking engagement at GlenEaly primary school, talking about famous and interesting people from Hong Kong’s wartime past. I had the usual good questions, but my favourite had to be: “How old are you?” The teachers were perhaps a little embarrassed by it, but I thought it a fair and logical question. It’s not easy for kids that age to distinguish whether I was old enough to be describing times I’d lived through or not. But it reminded me of an incident when my mother was a teacher, describing to the kids how Ancient Britons used to live in caves, hunt mammoths, etc. until one little lad put up his hand and asked: “How old were you when you lived in the caves, Mrs Banham?” 23 Today Elizabeth Ride told me a fascinating BAAG story that I’d not heard before, about a Hong Kong-based New Zealand engineer who was at sea when the Japanese attacked, but had a wife and children in the Colony. Somehow he made his way into China, contacted BAAG, and gave them the information they needed to contact his wife and then smuggle her and the children out to Samfou where they were reunited! 23 An America 500 pound AN64 GP bomb turned up in construction work in Pok Fu Lam today, necessitating the evacuation of several buildings as it was dealt with. Tai Hang Wong sent an interesting photo of an American bombing raid, possibly that responsible for this device.
20 Jack Mitchell’s funeral was today, at St Wilfrid’s Church, Haywards Heath at 2pm. 20 Steve Denton (see August) kindly sent me several affidavits concerning Joe Denton’s skull being fractured by the guard Furuya (the ‘Pay Sergeant’) at Kobe. I also found a note about Denton in Sergeant Poulter’s diary: “Christmas Day 1944. A happy Christmas to all at home and I feel sure that I shall be with you for the next one. My finest present today was a card from my wife. The prisoners put on a pantomime; it was based on ‘Alfs Button’. This one concerned two prisoners who had pinched a magic ring. It was very well done and most of the credit must go to Norman Colley and Joe Denton. One of the chaps did some card tricks and I was his stooge. I think I did fairly well!” 20 Francis Cheung kindly sent an old photo of The Sailors Home & Seamen's Institute with HMS Tamar and The Peak in the background.
19 Robert Chan kindly sent me a copy of Uncle Mac’s Hong Kong Diary, a book I’d been trying to get hold of for at least a year.
17 We had a family dinner with Elizabeth Ride today to discuss, in part, my fifth (and hopefully final…) book in my Hong Kong 1940-45 series. 17 Kevin Liu notes that his article about the battle in Time has been published.
16 I had a very lunch today with the ‘minders’ for my walks with the Hong Kong Club. We have a new plan for next year’s season. 16 Harry Butler’s (RN, Lisbon Maru) granddaughter got in touch. 16 Dave Deptford notes: “Currently on eBay - Grp 7 medals (WW1 and WW2) to George Wright MORRISON, apparently a Lt Commander R.N, and attached to HMS Tamar at the time of his capture December 1941. WW1 service R.N., left 1921, farming in New Zealand and recalled/volunteered for WW2 service. Blurb states he was held in HK and eventually retired as a Commander.” But it appears this has been taken off eBay already. However, the seller’s website (search for Hong Kong) is worth a look.
15Today I returned to Hong Kong University Press (eight days early!) my revised chapters for the new book. I also passed Dr Colin Ride the first draft of my next article for the Royal Asiatic Society. This is the short history of Bungalow A, St Stephen’s College. 15 On facebook an interesting December 1941 photo appeared, of soldiers of the 5/7th Rajputs being transported through Wanchai on a commandeered commercial lorry. What makes it interesting is the fact that they are going past Gilman’s Garage, which of course became Monkey Stewart’s HQ during the vital defence of that area.
13Martin Heyes kindly sent me hard copies of several papers concerning Roland Stride (provided by the latter’s son). The most interesting for me was a list of food control officers. 13 Francis Cheung kindly recommended a good Gwulo article about war relics in the Shaukeiwan area.
12 Walter & Catherine Pryde’s (Stanley Internees) grandson got in touch. He is hoping to learn more about his grandparents’ lives in Hong Kong before the war. I passed him the little I had. 12 A nice article about Barbara Anslow in the SCMP today. 12 I heard that John Pearce, of the Hong Kong Pearce family, son of Tam (lost in the fighting), member of the RA, Shamshuipo escapee, BAAG stalwart, and famed businessman and racehorse owner, passed away today. “PEARCE John on 12th January 2017, aged 98. Formerly of Hong Kong, died peacefully at home in Newmarket. Dearly loved uncle of Daphne and great-uncle of Hugo, Edmund and George. Funeral service at the West Suffolk Crematorium, Bury St Edmunds, 1P28 6RR, on Thursday 26th January, at 9.45am. Family flowers only. Donations, if desired, to The Injured Jockeys Fund c/o Southgate of Newmarket Funeral Directors, 25 Duchess Drive, Newmarket, CB8 8AG. Tel: 01638 662480.” Hopefully The Telegraph will run a full obit at some point.
11 Jack Mitchell’s nursing home and family all contacted me with the sad news that he passed away today. He was the last HKVDC veteran I was in regular contact with, and I learned a great deal from him. He was 95 and seemed pretty much lucid to the end. 11 A correspondent is asking if anyone knows where the Stanley Internment Camp marriage records are?
10 The Java Journal (newsletter of the Java Far East Prisoners of War Club 1942) contained the following two short announcements: “Civilian Internee Isabel Batey died on 5th December. Her first husband was Alan Frank Walkden, who had served with the 1st Hong Kong Regiment and died at Kobe in 1943. Isabel herself had been held at Stanley Camp. Joan Bull on 16 December 2016 (widow of S/Sgt Edward Arthur Bull RAOC held in Hong Kong).” 10 Ronald Mason’s (Middlesex) son got in touch. (See last month).
9 George Bearman’s (HKDDC) granddaughter got in touch via Ron Taylor (UK). This is another case of the family believing he was on the Lisbon Maru, whereas in fact he was on the third draft from Hong Kong. 9 Robert Chan kindly sent me a set of documents and photos relating to Marcel Doiron, Royal Rifles of Canada.
6 Ali Asgar’s (HKSRA) son got in touch via Ron Taylor in the UK. Asgar is yet another Indian POW not in my records, but fortunately he is included in one of the nominal rolls that appear in Barman’s Resist to The End (which seems to be rapidly becoming book of the month…) in the list entitled ‘Nominal Roll of Indian Prisoners of 1st HKSRA Regiment at North Point Camp as of 21 March 1942’. 6 Gerald Golledge’s (RA, Lisbon Maru) granddaughter got in touch, kindly sending a photo. I was very pleased to see this as Golledge was one of the unlucky ex-POWs killed in the ditching of B24 Les Miserables which was flying him to Manila from Okinawa and I’ve always been particularly interested in that group. He is also mentioned several times in Barman’s Resist To The End. His wife and three children evacuated to Australia, and like many others who lost a husband she decided to stay there post-war. 6 Today I concluded my discussions with Leilah Wood in Canada about Bungalow A, St Stephen’s College where she was interned. I wish I could find out more about Renee and Hugh Dingsdale; I think there’s more there than meets the eye.
4John Donnelly’s (Royal Scots) niece got in touch, kindly sending a photo (illustrated). They were a poor family. She notes that he lost five brothers and sisters as children, to Encephalitis, tuberculosis, bronchitis, jaundice and malnutrition. 4 Jim Stewart kindly sent a photo of Alan Weare, RAF (see December). 4 A new account of Stanley, by Kathie Hamilton, has been published on Gwulo.
1In answer to last week’s query about the provenance of Tamworth’s Wong Nai Chung Gap map, Rob Weir notes: “I have a copy which I took from WO 106/2401A, which is part of Maltby’s Despatch.” 1 Thanks to Bill Lake, I re-found the Hong Kong Journals Online of the Royal Asiatic Society. Well worth a browse. There are many Second World War articles there, as well as others of equal interest.
Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Edition
Image:
December Images, I
Banham & Dalgleish (courtesy Ben Dalgleish), Re-enactors at Tsimshatsui (both author) Hurst escape map (via eBay), Hurst's daughter and son in law (courtesy Ralph Reimers), Barbara Anslow (courtesy Janet Hayes) Kindred Spirits, Hong Kong View Dec 2016 (both author), Gunner Muhammad Sadiq, HKSRA (courtesy Mohammad Zubair)
Image:
December Images, II
Stanley nurses, inside St Stephen's (courtesy Roger Stride), Mountain Lodge Gatehouse (author) Canadian Memorial Service (courtesy Francis Cheung), Bob Newton's grave (author), Pinewood Battery under fire (via facebook) Maltby by Skvorsov (courtesy Luba Estes), Douglas Ford's POW Index card (courtesy Iain Gow), Tamworth map
December News
As the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Battle of Hong Kong, this has been the busiest month that I can recall. I have actually lost count of the number of articles, films, and projects I have assisted with – which contrasts hugely with the seventieth anniversary which passed with scarcely a murmur. What a difference five years can make; the increase of interest in this period of Hong Kong’s history has been as surprising as it has been intense. The Daily Mail (several articles), The Guardian, South China Morning Post (several articles), New York Times, Globe and Mail, Hong Kong Free Press, RTHK, and I probably missed others. My favourite memorial, though, has to be living one of the Watershed re-enactment, which was so atmospheric – especially when they were on the Star Ferry.
So to celebrate this special month, for the first, last, and only time I am increasing the usual nine featured photos to eighteen.
31 Celebrated the last day of 2016 by taking a walk up the Peak and continuing up to Governor’s Walk to photograph the Mountain Lodge gatehouse, and Haystacks and other old buildings on the way down.
28 I satisfied another minor ambition today, walking from home on Conduit Road through the hills to Stanley. The route was Bowen Road, Wong Nai Chung Gap, the catchwater path around Violet Hill, the catchwater path around The Twins, then Stanley Gap Road; total time three hours. To be honest I didn’t see much – certainly not many people as it was the coldest day of the winter so far – but it was still enjoyable. 28 An Alberta newspaper ran a Hong Kong 1941 report today. Interestingly, Gerry Gerard was one of many Brits in C Force (other obvious ones being Lawson, Osborn, and Hennessy – the latter being born in Ireland before Eire was created).
27Mohammad Sadiq’s (HKSRA) grandson got in touch again (see November), this time sending a very welcome photo of his grandfather, plus a post-Partition service document (showing that he joined the Pakistani army in 1948, and that he had served in the Royal Indian Arty from 1941-46), and his 1941-45 medal. If I could have wished for one thing from Santa this year it would have been a complete list of all Indian Army Hong Kong POWs! It is a great shame – and an embarrassment – that my records of the Indians are so sketchy. I would be extremely grateful to anyone who could point me to better lists than I have. 27 The Guardian today ran a story on the re-enactment. It focused (as did most of the comments beneath it) on the political aspects, but it was still good to see it in the mainstream press. 27 It being a beautiful clear morning in Hong Kong, though cool, I walked up The Peak and took a great photo of a rare haze-free view over the city into the New Territories.
25John Green’s (RA, Lisbon Maru) second cousin got in touch. 25 Harold Holden’s (civilian working for RASC) niece got in touch, sending a very kind email. Earlier I had helped add Holden’s name to CWGC lists. Interestingly, Harold’s brother Thomas was captain of HMHS Oxfordshire. 25 Alan Weare’s (RAF) nephew got in touch. Weare was one of five RAF/RAFVR men who went missing in The Ridge area on December 20th, and being RAF rather than Army he is remembered on the Singapore memorial.
24 The RTHK show I helped with last weekend was broadcast today and can be seen online here. The segment about the invasion starts at around 11.25. 24 I was contacted by the family of a Leading Aircraftsman John McKee, who they believe was in Hong Kong until 1946. There is indeed a man of that name on my POW lists, but as there John McKee was married in Scotland in 1944 he must be a different person. My bet is that he was one of the 3,400 RAF men who arrived for the reoccupation on 4 September 1945.
23 Craig Smith’s article about Lawson came out in the New York Times and Globe and Mail today. I had put him in touch with the Lawson family, and his biographer. During numerous email exchanges I sent him Lieutenant Tamworths map of the defences at the bottom of Wong Nai Chung Gap, but I can’t remember where I found it (I’ve had it twenty years)! I’m sure it was the PRO, but I don’t recall which file. But the Lawson family were pleased with the article, which is the main thing. 23 The Great Christmas MTB Escape was today featured in the South China Morning Post in the style of a Boy’s Own cartoon. 23 Iain Gow kindly sent me the POW Index cards for the two Royal Scots Ford brothers. 23 Victoria Phillips, granddaughter of American Stanley Internee Richard Sanger, is visiting Hong Kong today. After that she is touring Hiroshima with friends originally from there, who put together this fascinating private documentary about how their whole family survived the bomb.
22 Ben Dalgleish kindly sent a few more photos, including one of about 100 members of the Chindit Hong Kong Volunteers.
21 The South China Morning Post reviewed a book about Macau during the war. As they say, the only other work available on this topic is Dr Colin Day’s edition of Reeve’s diary, so I will certainly get a copy.
19 The South China Morning Post ran a story today about the re-enactment. 19 Today Hong Kong University Press sent me the proofs of my new book (Reduced to a Symbolical Scale) for checking. Submission date: January 20. 19 The Dulleys today visited the site of Postbridge, to place flowers where Hugh’s father was killed seventy-five years ago to the day.
18 Spent the whole morning filming a short documentary with RTHK. The only problem was that I thought it was going to be radio, and hadn’t even shaved! As soon as I saw their van, I thought it held rather more cameras than generally used on radio… Anyway, we filmed various pieces to camera at both Pinewood Battery and Sai Wan Cemetery. By good fortune a Japanese photograph of Pinewood Battery under fire had appeared on facebook that very morning, which was useful to explain the situation to the film crew. While in Sai Wan, I took a particularly evocative photo of Bob Newton’s grave, just one day short of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his death.
17The copy of Britain At War magazine, kindly sent to me by George Boote, arrived today. The Hong Kong article (on CSM Osborn, VC) had nothing much to add, but was well enough done. It still claimed all the action was on Mount Butler, despite descriptions, archaeological evidence, and veterans’ accounts placing it on Jardine’s Lookout.
16 The South China Morning Post ran yet another 1941 story today. (A fully attributed version of this article can be seen here). 16 Today I had the pleasure of meeting Hugh Dulley and his wife Barbara who were visiting Hong Kong. Hugh kindly gave me a copy of his father’s book, A Voyage To War. 16 My copy of Canadians Behind Enemy Lines by Roy Maclaren (see last month) arrived today, and it does indeed include a section about Mike Kendall training Chinese Canadians later in the war.
15 Tai Hang Wong notes: “The local Chinese newspaper Apple Daily today reports that the Conservancy Association Centre For Heritage will premiere a new documentary tomorrow on Alec Michael Wright who is now 104 years young and living in the UK. The film covers the life and contribution of Alec Wright in the development of public housing estates of Hong Kong. The Lai Tak Estate on Tai Hang Road was named in honour of Alec when he was the Director of Public Works. The official Chinese name of Alec Wright is Woo Lai Tak (塢勵德).” I used to correspond with Michael twenty or so years ago. 15 Diary extracts for 12 to 31 December 1941 from "In Time of War" have been appearing on the ProversePress facebook page, continuing up to 31 December 2016.
14Eric Buttress’s (listed as a civilian, but killed on Jeanette) grandson got in touch. His wife Doris and two older children (she was pregnant with the third) had privately evacuated to Canada. 14 Today was that special and exciting day of the year when I receive my annual royalty cheque from Hong Kong University Press! All three of the books I wrote with them are still available, and each year they pay me my dues for that year’s sales. Now, many people seem to think that publishing books about the war in Hong Kong must some how enrich me, so for full disclosure my income from this year came to the grand sum of HK$1,973.74. Bearing in mind that simply keeping an advertisement-free website costs me roughly three times that per year, and you can see that this isn’t really a profit-making enterprise! Also, by tradition, I just use the money to buy something for my wife to thank her for her patience with this endeavour!
13 Finalising my Short History of Bungalow A (at St Stephen’s College), today I interviewed Leilah Wood by phone. As a teenager, she was interned in the bungalow and has very clear memories of the experience. She has also been enormously helpful to me in mapping the internees to their rooms. 13 Muhammad Ilahi’s (HKSRA) widow got in touch. 13 A number of visitors have complained about the state of the Wong Nai Chung Gap trail. Their point is justified (some signboards and other facilities are in a state of disrepair), but I’m not sure who really has authority over it now. We did most of the planning/design/erection in 2003-2005, and I believe that all the government representatives I worked with on the project have now moved on to other responsibilities. 13 It seems that Philip Cracknell’s mission to have the water pipe removed from PB2 has been successful. It will be buried underground, preserving the original view of the historic pillbox.
12Through Ron Taylor (UK) I am in touch with the family of Leonard Robinson (Middlesex). Robinson was on the third draft to Japan, and Ron has discovered that – at least to the Middlesex, and logically enough – this was also known as ‘C Draft’.
11 This morning I crossed over to Kowloon on the Star Ferry to witness the Watershed Group’s re-enactment celebrating the seventy-fifth anniversary of the battle. Around 25 of them were in the area of the clock tower, dressed in pretty accurate 1941 HKVDC uniforms but very sensibly without carrying any fake arms. One of their number was Ben Dalgleish, Ip Kwong Lau’s grandson (see Dec 5).
10 The Hong Kong Free Press today published an article on the Free French in the defence of Hong Kong. (This also appeared in the Daily Mail). 10 Martin Heyes kindly let me know about a second Hong Kong 1941 article in the Daily Mail. 10 Luba Estes sent a very kind email, noting: “Amongst my father’s papers I have a copy of that London Gazette that Maltby sent to him with a personal note on the top right. It says: ‘Dear Skvorzov. As a member of the Garrison of Hong Kong I know you would like a copy of my dispatches. Yours sincerely C.M. Maltby.’ While Maltby was a prisoner at the Argyle Street camp, my father made two sketches of him. During the 1965 reunion at the camp, my father must have asked Maltby to sign one of the sketches, which he did. The sketches have been seen before, but I will post them anyway.”
9Keith Grant kindly sent me a newspaper clipping of uncertain provenance, featuring a photo of ex-Hong Kong POWs at Sendai Camp. Unusually – but very usefully – it included an annotated photo of a number of POWs including Manassah Rakusen. I sent it to his son, who was very pleased with this ‘early Christmas present’! In return, I received his collection of Sendai #2B photos.
8Barbara Davies kindly let me know that the article about the HKVDC that she wrote for the Daily Mail has been published. 8 Richard Finch’s (RN, Lisbon Maru) nephew got in touch. He notes: “the story shared to my dad through one of the survivors (my Uncle Richie’s friend) who visited my dad’s family after the war was that Richie made it out of the holds and was gunned down in the water where he told his friend: ‘I’m not going to make it.’ Richie was a Leading Seaman who used to swim out and disarm the mines in the water. From what I am told he also was the boxing champion for his weight class.” 8 Janet Hayes kindly sent me a photo of her aunt Barbara Anslow on the occasion of her ninety-eighth birthday. 8 Mark Wavell let the Stanley Group know that his cousin, Stanley internee Isobel Joan Walkden (nee Mason) passed away on 5th December 2016 aged 99. She was living in a nursing home in Corbridge, Northumberland and died peacefully in her sleep. 8 The HKVCA’s latest newsletter is available here. 8 The Royal Asiatic Society’s November newsletter is available here.
7Both George Boote and Al Coleby kindly let me know that Lieutenant Commander Gandy’s personal account of his escape from Hong Kong was for sale on eBay. I immediately reached out to Gandy’s family to ensure they were aware of this (previous experience has taught me that sometimes such items are stolen). They assured me that it couldn’t be his as they had donated all his papers to the IWM. When I looked at the item online I quickly saw from the escape route map and other items that it was actually Hurst’s account of his 1942 escape. I contacted the seller and pointed this out, in parallel reaching out to Hurst’s family. The latter believed the item was legitimate (it was probably Hurst’s 94-year-old son Billy’s copy), and in our correspondence kindly sent me an updated photo of Hurst’s daughter and son-in-law. The seller then listed the item again under the correct name and it finally sold for 900 pounds.
6 Martin Heyes mentioned taking a visitor along the Wong Nai Chung Gap trail, whose maternal grandfather was Ronald Mason of the Middlesex. This was very useful for me as the Shamshuipo records had listed a Mason with no Christian name who I had not previously been able to identify. According to the family, he was in D Company.
5 Ben Dalgleish (see last month) sent me a set of photographs of his HKCR, Chindit, and SAS grandfather Ip Kwong Lau. One was taken immediately after he passed his SAS parachute training (illustrated). 5 Cecil Shipp’s (Royal Engineers, Lisbon Maru) great granddaughter got in touch. She notes that Shipp’s wife was born in Hong Kong, of Portuguese ancestry, but her maiden name was Small and her mother’s maiden name was Frank – neither of which sound very Macanese. 5 I received this question today: “I am trying to research a Mr. H. Da Luz, Portuguese gentleman that lived in HK during the war, I have heard from several sources that he produced some sort of diary or memoir, have you heard of this name? Or better still the memoirs?” Although I have several ‘Da Luz’ in my files, none have the initial H. Can anyone help? 5 The manager of the Hong Kong Club kindly sent me a copy of their new history, Kindred Spirits by Vaudine England. It looks very good.
4 For the first time in several years I missed the annual Canadian memorial service at Sai Wan. However, Francis Cheung and others said it was well attended, and kindly sent me some photographs. The Canadian Consulate posted the Consul’s speech here.
3Roger Stride (see last month) kindly sent me a large set of photos relating to Stanley Internment Camp, a couple of which I had not seen, and several of which were much better quality than the copies I had previously found. 3 The Taiwan POW Camps Memorial Society published their latest newsletter today.
2 I received this question from a researcher into Hong Kong postal history: “I am looking for information on Sergeant Frederick William Richards who served with the RAMC in Hong Kong in 1941 and perhaps earlier. He unfortunately died in hold 2 of the Lisbon Maru. Do you have any other information about him? I have him down as a British soldier - I guess this is correct. There is an existent 1941 correspondence (mainly airmail envelopes) between Sgt Richards and his wife Mrs K P Richards who lived (in 1941) at Bondi, Sydney. Perhaps she was evacuated to Australia, as many others were, from Hong Kong in 1940. Are you able to check whether she was indeed one of the evacuees? Sgt Richards stated his address as Reception Station, Whitfield Barracks, Kowloon - he used the term British Reception Station in one case. Do you have any information or ideas about this establishment?” I was able to answer all the questions except the last. I have never heard of the Reception Station.
1 Peter Hall got back in contact. On the famous photo of the Stanley kids sitting on the concrete steps at liberation, he notes: “The photo I mentioned above appears in my book, ‘In the Web’ edition 1, page 60, and in edition 2, page 65. I am on the extreme left (half of me) wearing an Army beret with bandaged right knee. Gerald Rose, my good friend, is on the extreme right, hand raised. We are both bare chested. Sorry I didn't inform you about my Aunt Phyllis Bliss's death 26 May 2014. At her Special 100th Birthday party at the Peninsula Hotel on 30 June 2013, there were a total of 49 persons present, mainly her relatives from all over the world. Bryan, her son, had to get special permission from the CWGC to have her urn placed on Uncle Sonny's grave.” This is actually very rare. My reading of the history of the CWGC (see October) made me understand – and appreciate - very clearly their general objection to personal memorials. 1 Dave Deptford notes: “Chippenham Auction Rooms, Sale Dec 2nd, Lot 594 (Illustrated) thro "Saleroom". Described as WW2 POW 1941 item (a wooden box, appears to be similar to a cigar box), Naval Badge carved on top of lid, inscription thus on inside - Capt S F Lane, HK Naval Dockyard Defence Corps - Prisoner of War of Imperial Japanese Army No 2916".
December 1st, 2016 Update
Image:
November Images
Brenda Morgan (courtesy Jo Price), Yokohama #19 (courtesy John Hills), Hong Kong Cenotaph (author) Jack Mitchell (courtesy Rosemary Mitchell), Frode's new book (courtesy Frode Olsen), Sea Gull Press (courtesy Tom Thomson) A Coy nominal roll, HKVDC 1940 Year Book (all courtesy Briony Widdis)
November News
Probably ten years ago my publisher suggested I write a book about researching history on the Internet. He did not, of course, mean simply finding things on websites, but using the internet to reach out to people to discover documents and data previously unknown to historians. I didn’t have time, but looking back now I see that as the golden age of internet research. In those days I had the only website dedicated to Hong Kong’s wartime history, so all I had to do was make myself visible, and they would come. Today, of course, there are many such websites, facebook pages, and blogs (keeping many people fascinated and engaged), but from my selfish point of view new information is now far more fragmented. So it was particularly pleasing this month to receive information on A Company HKVDC, a formation that as far as I know really was unknown to historians until this month.
30 Tai Hang Wong very kindly presented me with one of the Canadian 1941 commemoration coins mentioned last month.
28HKUP Sent me the mock-up of the front cover for the new book, which is quite exciting even though it probably won’t be available until mid-2017. 28 A lovely find from Brian Edgar: “Ellen Field remained out of Stanley by claiming to be Irish. During the occupation she worked with Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke and interpreter Kiyoshi Watanabe ('Uncle John') to provide legal and illegal relief to the men in Shamshuipo. She also engaged in the even more dangerous work of helping soldiers to escape. Her memoir 'Twilight in Hong Kong' has long been acknowledged as an excellent source for the history of the occupation. However, it is not widely known that the online videos of the 1954 Miss Universe competition are also a source document for serious researchers! Miss Hong Kong came third that year - out-performing a fourth place in the first competition in 1952. The representative was Virginia Lee Wai-chun - who was one of the three daughters of Ellen Field, all of who lived with her through the occupation. [She] was given a film contract with Universal-International Studios as a result of her success. She made one film, 'So This is Paris' (1955), which starred Tony Curtis. She obviously did well, as she was offered a further contract, but gave up the chance of stardom to marry an American sailor, Roger Glasby, who she'd met in Hong Kong. I think she's the one on (the viewer's) far right in the line up of the last five about 40 seconds in.”
25TK Wong noticed the July request for the location of Royal Scots HQ at Skeet Ground. He notes: “Today, it is no.298, Wo Yi Hop Road Sports Ground and Golf Centre. It was about 100 meters north of the former Tung Chun Soya and Can Factory site.”
24 Bill Lake was asking if anyone knew what happened to the Shamshuipo cello after the war? It was made from all sorts of odds and ends in camp by Royal Rifles of Canada Corporal Stewart Hendersen and Riflemen Wilbur Lester and Kalle Ampi for Major Maurice Parker. It certainly survived to liberation as several 1945 photographs of it exist. 24 George Boote reports that December’s edition of Britain at War includes a ten-page article on Osborn and his VC. 24 Tom Thomson kindly sent me a scan of the Admiral Hughes onboard newssheet (‘Seagull Press’) for 3 October 1945. Although I have copies of similar from several repatriation vessels, I think this is the first I’ve seen from Hughes.
21 Jo Price, Joan Whiteley’s (QAIMNS) daughter who I was in touch with ten or so years back, kindly sent me a photo of Sister Brenda Morgan, killed by a shell at St Albert’s. Her fiancé, ‘Mickey’ Holliday (they were engaged the Sunday before her death), was of course killed a few days later on December 19. A correspondent on the Stanley Group added: “Brenda Morgan's family suffered another loss, her brother Lt Brian Churchill Morgan RA was killed in North Africa in Nov 1942 aged 21, he had married a few months earlier.”
20Martin Heyes kindly put me in touch with Roger Stride whose father was interned in Bungalow A at Stanley. 20 Steele-Perkins’s daughter let me know that she has found a cache of twenty or so photos labelled ‘Hong Kong ARP’. Might be some gems there!
18 Muhammad Sadiq’s (HKSRA) grandson got in touch.
16 I generally don’t report much on items from the fighting found in the hills, as there’s too much chance that one day someone is going to dig in the wrong place and blow themselves up. But there was a very interesting find today, which we may hear more of later.
15Martin Heyes let me know that he is taking Meirion Price’s (Winnipeg Grenadiers) son on the Wong Nai Chung Gap trail today. He has also found the citation for Price’s Military Medal.
13 This morning I visited the Cenotaph in Hong Kong as people were gathering for the ceremony, and took a couple of photos. 13 Today I heard of a book called “Canadians Behind Enemy Lines” which apparently includes a mention of Canadian agents trained by Mike Kendall of HKVDC / SOE fame. I have ordered a copy. My copy of the Royal Marines book mentioned last month arrived, but was disappointing as it had no new information on those at HMS Tamar. 13 Rosemary Mitchell kindly sent a new photo of Jack Mitchell, HKVDC.
13Dave Deptford kindly let me know that Albert Percy Alliston’s RN medals are for sale: “Vide Saleroom - Lawrence's, Crewkerne - Sale on 17.11.2016, Lot 254. Group of Four (39-45, Pacific, War and RN LSGC) to captioned A.B., Service Number PJ 97838. Blurb states captured 29.12.1941 and later held in Osaka. Est GBP70.00.”
12 John Hills very kindly let me use a unique propaganda photo of POWs from the first draft at Yokohama #19 under Lieutenant James Ford, MC, Royal Scots. His father ‘Bumpy’ Hills is in the photo, and provided a names list which I have reproduced as accurately as I can below. Note that where there is more than one possibility (the names were not complete), I have indented the possible alternative names together: Tokyo #19D Yokohama Stevedore, Christmas 1944 Ford, Jimmy A. 2nd Lieutenant Macdonall, ‘Dad’ Thomas Gunner Holmes, Charles R. Corporal Tom? Illegible RN Whippey, Charles Lance Sergeant Broderick, John G. Gunner Smith, Leo Grant Bombardier Smith, Kenneth W. Lance Bombardier Glasby, Ronald Gunner Bolam, David Private Robertson, Hugh Private Robertson, John Private Mew, Ronald E. Bombardier Hancock, William D. A.B. Breen, Cecil Gunner Hunt, Harry Howard Gunner Petican, Arthur F. Gunner Purdue, Harry Lance Bdr. McDonald, Alex Private McDonald, Archibald Private Dyke, Fred R. Private Hills, William L. Private Boyle, Edward Private Bartlett, Leonard H. Sapper Berkeley, ‘Taggy’ Thomas Gunner Robertson, Robert C. Lance Corp. McCormick, Joseph Gunner Longson, Arthur Private Earl, Norman Leslie L/Sergeant Walton, Thomas Henry Private Tigerhashi-San (Interpreter) Edwards, Cyril Private White, Albert John Tel.P.O. White, Charles James S. A.B. Watanabi (The Reverend) Camp Commandant Etacura, C. Acct Chuckles Taylor, John William Gunner Taylor, Eddy Gunner Rowland, Arthur F. Private Rowland, Ernest Private Henderson, G. Private Henderson, George Private Henderson, James Private Henderson, Thomas Private Dunlop, Robert Private Yamamura-san (Muscles) Stubbs, George Gunner Mitchell, William Private Parry, Raymond A.B. Strickland, Francis Alfred Stoker Yoshida-San (the Menace) Morley, Michael Private Jeremiah, Elvet Gunner Chas Hard? RAF?
11 Bernard Jesse’s (Winnipeg Grenadiers) son got in touch. 11 Martin Heyes wrote a letter to the South China Morning Post today, calling for better preservation of the Wong Nai Chung Gap Trail. 11 Barbara Anslow kindly let me know about a new booked called 'Testimony to Love’, written by Gwen Steele-Perkins (the wife of Wing Commander Horace Steele-Perkins who was Director of Air Raid Precautions Hong Kong up to a few months before the invasion, when he was posted to India). She notes: “If you would like to read more about the book being published by her daughter Mary Tiffan, with a few additions by Mary”. Details can be seen here. At the moment it is available only as an ebook, but if Mary can find 50 people interested then she could create a hardcopy version which would cost around fourteen pounds plus postage. I believe the book is primarily about Gwen’s religious experiences, but still contains information about her wartime experience (she, with daughters – the Mary mentioned above - and Susan, was an evacuee).
10The Canadian Consulate notes: “As 2016 marks the 75th Anniversary of the Battle of Hong Kong, the Consulate General of Canada has organized a logo design contest at four Canadian curriculum schools in Hong Kong and Macao to commemorate the anniversary and Canada’s defence of Hong Kong. More than 900 students were educated on the shared history between Canada and Hong Kong at the International School of Macao, Delia School of Canada, Christian Alliance P.C. Lau Memorial International School and the Canadian International School of Hong Kong.” The winning logo (illustrated) has now been chosen.
7Correspondence with Crozier’s granddaughter continues. She notes: “I was clearing out at my mum’s yesterday and found other items of interest: a 1940 HKVDC Yearbook, a sketch of the Battery done by G.S. Coxhead on Boxing Day 1941, a HKVDC Battery photograph, my grandfather’s list of “A” Company, and my grandfather’s diary entries for 7th-14th December.” The reference to A Coy was a complete surprise, as officially no such HKVDC Company existed. But looking at the names and ranks, it appears that this must have been an administrative formation in Shamshuipo at around the time of liberation. The list is typed on RAF Form 96 for messages, and presumably came from the large RAF contingent that re-occupied Hong Kong.
6Francis Dobbs’s (HKVDC) granddaughter got in touch. I was corresponding with her mother in 2008.
5 Frode Olsen noted: “I am very happy to let you know that 3 year’s work has come to an end. Next week my book on the Danish community in Hong Kong in the late 1930’s and their participation in the defence in December 1941 will be published in Denmark in Danish language. I am deeply grateful for all the support each of you have provided me with through the process. I have been informed, that Danish publishing house has decided to have an extract of approx. 50 pages translated into English with a view to present the book to foreign publisher. Let’s first see, how the Danish readers and critics receive the book.”
4 Henry Langley noted that: “while doing some more tidying up I came across a few other items that I didn’t realise I had concerning my father’s membership of the freemasons. A couple of items of interest were a certificate regarding my father’s initiation into the Cathay Lodge in 1938 – a rather ornate document – and a list of members of the Cathay Lodge at 28 February 1951.” 4 On the Stanley group, Brian Edgar noted: “On Friday, January 13, 1945 Franklin Gimson wrote in his diary: The roll-call took place in the morning. The Japanese created certain difficulties but internees were rather themselves to blame. The Losebys in particular who have been given the special privilege of remaining in their cottage treated the whole affair in entirely a nonchalant manner and only just escaped having the special concession with drawn.” Not even Barbara Anslow knew that the gardener’s cottage existed! In the official lists, it was named 8/cottage. Geoffrey Emerson (who probably knows more about this than anyone else) noted: “On 22 June 1970, at Isobel Watson's home at 23 Big Wave Bay Road, HK, I met with 7 women who were former Stanley Camp internees, including Patricia Loseby, who was born 09.01.25. No recording was made but after, I immediately made notes. One of my notes reads, "Mr & Mrs Loseby lived in a gardener’s cottage, a hut, away from the others, near the football field. They used sacks for windows. Patricia lived in the married quarters."
3Felix Lam kindly sent me the floor plan of Bungalow A at Stanley (also known as Bungalow 3) to aid in the Short History of the building that I am writing for the Royal Asiatic Society.
1Briony Widdis (Douglas Crozier’s granddaughter - see last month) sent me a photo of a watercolour painting by a Harry J Reston in 1945. A little googling showed that he was a Sydney artist, and her grandparents must have bought it when leaving Sydney around the end of the war, 1 Dr Patrick Lo sent me the transcript of an interview we did together in Hong Kong Park a couple of years ago. From Bullets to Biographies: Informational Interview with Tony Banham Hong Kong War Diary – by Patrick Lo, Dickson Chiu, Yidan Jin, Nan Jiang, Yuanyuan Jiang, and Li Zheng – see full article here.
November 1st, 2016 Update
Image:
October Images
A Voyage To War (courtesy Hugh Dulley), Wilf Chambers article (courtesy Andrew Suddaby), Cartwright-Taylor MI9 form (courtesy Ian Cartwright-Taylor) UNESCO award, Peak Cafe information board, Helena May plaque (all author) Wong Nai Chung blockhouse (via Vincent Lee), New Canadian coin (courtesy Tai Hang Wong), Bob Tatz and Barbara Anslow (courtesy Bob Tatz)
October News
Last month I spent more time than usual in Hong Kong’s two main military cemeteries, though in fact that’s often the case in the last few months of the year. I am so used to them – and their counterparts all over the world – that I take them for granted. The stones, the inscriptions, the memorial crosses and well-tended shrubs, it had never really occurred to me that someone had to ‘invent’ them. Now, I have just read “Empires Of The Dead” by David Crane (illustrated), which is an excellent description of these cemeteries’ genesis, and how Fabian Ware was responsible almost single-handedly for creating and evolving them to what we see – and accept as normal – today.
31 I learned today from David Archer and his new facebook page about the Winnipeg Grenadiers, that Leonard and Thomas Mulvaney were twins. There are many cases of brothers serving together in Hong Kong, but this is the first set of twins that I am aware of.
30On the Battle of Hong Kong facebook page, Vincent Lee notes that: “Prince Mikasa, who just died a few days ago at age 100, visited Hong Kong during occupation in 1944.” He also added a link to a short Japanese propaganda film about the visit from which I clipped a still. It looks to be the unique and damaged blockhouse (I don’t even know the correct technical term for this particular design) just up the hill from the Wong Nai Chung Gap AA position diagonally opposite Park View. Prince Mikasa died on October 27. I wonder if he was the Japanese prince who visited the Price brothers in POW camp? The prince in question had visited the Prices in Canada pre-war, and (returning the hospitality) asked if the Price POWs wanted anything. They quite rightly said no, but pointed out that fellow POW Major Charles Boxer needed treatment for an arm that was badly injured in the fighting. 30 Rohan Price got in touch about a new book he has just had published on Hong Kong Civil Servant Philip Jacks. He notes: “I am a legal historian who is interested in the relationships between British colonial property law and Chinese nationalism. I began my archival work on this topic in 2008-10 when I was a City U of HK visiting professor in the School of Law teaching trusts and common law method. The role of Jacks as Land Officer in Hong Kong (1905-1935) fascinated me so much that it formed two chapters of my PhD thesis. From this beginning, I did further archival, newspaper and travel records research to produce ‘Going Native: The Passions of Philip Jacks’ (Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2016). “ As Jacks passed away in May 1941, he doesn’t ‘officially’ fit into my research, but I mention it here as it’s likely to be of general interest.
28 Bob Tatz sent me an amazing photograph which I believe will be one of the illustrations for his new book. It shows him and a number of other children who were outside camp in 1942, on Bowen Road together with some Japanese officers. Bob also recently met Barbara Anslow and Ruth Baker in the UK.
27 Douglas Crozier’s (HKVDC) granddaughter kindly sent me her grandfather’s annotated roll of 2 Battery HKVDC. Very useful!
25 Hugh Farmer let me know that: “yesterday I posted the article, Robert Taylor - Manager of Green Island Cement - interned and badly injured in Stanley Camp during the Japanese occupation”. Taylor was in Bungalow C.
24 Bill Lake gave a presentation about the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Hong Kong at the Canadian International School today, which was videoed and is available for viewing.
22Philip Cracknell was walking on Jardine’s Lookout and noticed that PB2’s location has been invaded by a huge water pipe. He has started a petition to have the pipe moved away from the site, which is informally a memorial, and formally part of the Wong Nai Chong Gap Heritage Trail.
21 Hugh Dulley let me know that his father’s (Hugh Dulley senior) book will be published at the end of October. He kindly sent the blurb: “Hugh Dulley’s father (Peter Dulley) and mother (Therese Sander) met in Hong Kong on New Year’s Eve 1935. Four years later at the outbreak of war, Peter, a weekend sailor, was called up in the Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. He eventually graduated to command an ocean-going tug of 500 tons from Hong Kong to Aden. En route he called at islands still enjoying pre-war peacetime and navigated across the Indian Ocean using a sextant. In July 1940, Therese, who was eight months pregnant, was evacuated from Hong Kong to the Philippines, where Hugh was born. They then travelled to Australia after a short stop in Hong Kong, which was to be the last time she saw Peter. Collected here is Peter’s correspondence to Therese over a period of six years. Edited and condensed by Hugh, it paints a unique and often humorous picture of life in Hong Kong in the run up to and during World War 2. It is published to coincide with the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Hong Kong.” Hugh will give a talk on the book at the RHKYC at 19.30 on Wednesday 14th December. 21 Percy Woodings’s (Royal Marines) grandson got in touch. He noted that he: “passed away in 1986. If it would interest your research Percy's story was told in the newspaper a few years ago, and his story can also be found in the book 'the marines were there' by Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, which in also contains further stories about the Royal Marines in Hong Kong.” I have ordered Lockhart’s book, which I had never heard of before. The Royal Marines in Hong Kong are an under-researched unit so I am hoping that it will be useful. This second mention of newspaper articles about Hong Kong veterans makes me think that there must be hundreds – if not thousands - of such articles out there, from 1946 to the present day, if only there was some way of finding and collating them. I probably have fifteen or twenty in my collection, but assembled ad hoc.
20 I learned today that my book about the 1940 Hong Kong evacuation is unlikely to see the light of day until mid 2017. These things always seem to take longer than you would hope.
18Andrew Suddaby kindly mailed me a newspaper cutting from 1986 about ERA Wilf Chambers who was on the Lisbon Maru. We had discussed him and his friends when I was writing that book.
15 Captain Hugh Cartwright-Taylor RE HQ Fortress Engineers’ son (see June) got back in touch, having received his father’s MI9 Liberation Questionnaire. Only about two percent of these contain anything of interest, but this one refers very positively to doctors Captain Arthur Strachan (spelled Strahan in the document, but I believe Strachan is correct) and Captain Ben Evans, both of the Indian Medical Service (IMS). 15 Walking up to the Peak with my wife, we noticed a plaque (this seems to be the month for plaques…) that we must have walked past a hundred or more times before. It describes the old Peak Café, noting that the building today is little changed from the Sedan Chair waiting room it was designed as at the start of the twentieth century, and that it had been used as a guard post by the Japanese during the occupation.
14We had lunch at the Helena May Institute today, and for the first time I realised that there was a plaque on the outside wall facing Garden Road, describing the building and its use during the war years.
13Bob Tatz is asking if anyone knows anything about Muriel Hassard, Matron of Diocesan Boys School who died in Stanley on 26 August 1945. 13 Brian Edgar found an interesting link to a story of a child in Stanley Camp, but as Brian and Barbara Anslow pointed out, there are a fair few exaggerations and mistakes.
11 Tai Hang Wong kindly sent me an image of the Canadian Battle of Hong Kong Commemorative Coin referred to below. He notes that the Hong Kong distributor can be found here.
9I heard today that Ian McNay passed away on 27 September. Son of Edward McNay, Royal Naval Dockyard Police, Ian was evacuated to Australia during the war years. Ian returned from Sydney to Hong Kong as a fifteen year old in 1946 and was one of the first pupils to return to the reopened Central British School where he became the first post war head boy. He gave me a great deal of help when I was researching that period.
6A discussion on the Battle of Hong Kong facebook page about Little Hong Kong and its conversion to a wine cellar reminded me that (rather undeservedly) I was one of the recipients of a United Nations award for it. The damn thing is about a square metre of solid bronze and weighs a ton, but I finally found it under some furniture and took a photo.
2 Today was the seventy-fourth anniversary of the sinking of the Lisbon Maru. Next year will be the big 75. 2 Dave Deptford mentions a new medal group of seven: “plus badges, reports, photographs etc. to Rifleman Duplassie, RRC. Detailed write up; captured 25.12.41, to North Point Camp, Sept 42 to SSPo, then Tatsura Maru to Nagasaki and so forth. Witness statements involving Cecil Boon and assaults on other POWs. Medals to Canadians infrequently seen, price USD1625.00”
SCMP front page (courtesy SCMP), Trudeau signing visitors' book (courtesy HarbourTimes), Saiwan in the rain (author) Anne at Bob Newton's grave (courtesy Nina Ammundsen), Ian and Rosemary (courtesy Ian Gill), Japanese Map (via author) Moddrel's diary (courtesy Richard Moddrell), Noel Hammond's letter (courtesy Rob Milner), William Allister picture (courtesy Cam Tradewell)
September News
I hear that my review of the Graham Heywood book will be printed in the next edition of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. In a few years I’ll probably be in the position of having written a new book by accident! If I combined my various Short Histories of units, book reviews, and other articles, I might at some point be able to bring them together into a ‘Collected Essays’ volume to present them to a larger audience.
30 Today I was contacted by the son of Leonard Adams. Adams was a British Consular agent at Kukong from 1943 until the Japanese moved north and occupied it in the spring of 1944. He notes: “I was born in Kukong in February 1944 and flown over the hump to India in mid 1944. I believe my father was responsible for intelligence on the status and welfare of British Subjects in Hong Kong. He would not talk about this period saying it was covered by the Official Secrets act and that at that time the Communists might use any information against local Chinese who had helped the west.” 30 On the Battle of Hong Kong facebook page, Peter Weedon mentioned that Corporal Charles Goddard’s (Middlesex) medals were for sale. They are a historically interesting group.
29 Ian Gill has found a photo of Sapper William Rogers, killed in the Battle of Hong Kong, at his wedding to Dorthy Newman. Dorothy was evacuated to Australia together with friend Yvonne Swinburn who was married to fellow sapper George Swinburn who survived the Lisbon Maru and the war.
27Michael Kelly’s (Royal Scots, Lisbon Maru) granddaughter got in touch. Like quite a number of regular servicemen, Kelly left a Chinese wife in Hong Kong when taken POW, and a daughter who had been born in September 1941. Both had to survive in the occupied city as best they could.
26 Philatelist Richard Whittington got in touch. In his collection he has letters from three officers based in Stanley in 1940: Major William ‘Zaz’ Pitt, OC 36th Coast Battery, Captain William Martin - an officer of 12th Coast Battery under Major William Stevenson, and Lieutenant Ewan Graham, Middlesex. Interestingly all three were later on the Lisbon Maru (aboard which Pitt was of course in charge of the third hold), and all three ended the war in Osaka #4B Ikuno.
25Steve Denton believes that in the very first photo of The Exhibition, (Kobe City Souto-ku Higashi Kawasaki-cho 1-46, Mitsubishi Logistics Co. Kobe branch, Daiichi Shinko No.1 New port), the man in the top left looks like Frank Florence.
24 John Cameron’s (Winnipeg Grenadier) family got back in touch, sending me a POW Camp photo of him (illustrated), and a sketch that Cameron had kept from the war. I am 99% certain that it’s by William Allister, who wrote Where Life And Death Hold Hands and became a famous artist post war. The view appears to be from North Point POW Camp, looking north. It is very much like the one illustrated here.
21Brian Edgar notes that one of the technicians sent out of Camp on August 10, 1945 was Paul Reveley, who had once been personal technical assistant to John Logie Baird. It seems that Reveley is still with us, at a grand old age of 104.
18 Nice new article on Gwulo about Mabel Redwood’s marriage to Clifton Large, both of course having been Stanley Internees.
17 Jim Trick kindly let me know that the new permanent home for the HKVCA newsletter is here.
16Rob Milner, grandson of Noel Hammond HKVDC, kindly sent me a copy of a letter written in 2000 from Hammond to Arthur Gomes describing the fighting around Maryknoll and the Stanley Police Station. It mentions a wounded Middlesex sergeant, who I think might be George Robbins who commanded PB22 (at a stretch it might be Sergeant William Stone of PB24, but that’s less likely).
15 On the Battle of Hong Kong facebook page, Nona Langley posted a very interesting Special Supplement of The Hong Kong News from 25 December 1942. Celebrating their first anniversary of victory, Lt.-Gen. Renuke Isogai – who the Japanese had declared Governor of Hong Kong – laid out his proclamation. The phrase: “The great objective of the war in East Asia is certainly to guarantee the peace of East Asia” really tells you all you need to know. 15 Dave Deptford kindly let me know that: “Through the Saleroom website - Hong Kong - PBA Galleries - Sale on 18.9.2016 - Lot 76 - Minute Book of The Hong Kong Fanlingerers (Golf) - contains references to captioned officer, reportedly blinded during the invasion.” In fact he was blinded by a gunshot wound with B Coy Royal Scots while attacking the Police Post in Wong Nai Chong Gap (the same attack where Vyner Gordon was mortally wounded). Both officers had been commissioned from the Volunteers.
14 Richard Moddrel kindly sent me a copy of his father’s wartime diary. 14 Dr Peter Campos gave me the good news that when he sent his great uncle’s sketch book from Sham Shui Po to the Canadian War Museum, the latter replied: “The Acquisition Committee met today and very happily agreed that your uncle's book should become part of the National Collection. The Canadian War Museum's war art collection has few works from Japanese prisoner of war camps and this will be a significant addition.”
13 Archie Hart tells me that his father James Hart, RASC, who has been poorly lately, is out of hospital and on the mend.
12 Today my wife and I had lunch with Anne Ammundsen and her daughter Nina at their hotel in Tsim Sha Tsui. Anne was over here visiting the grave of her uncle Bob Newton of the 5/7th Rajputs at Saiwan (I stopped at Newton’s grave on the 6th with Prime Minister Trudeau and placed a poppy there). Originally we had planned to have lunch at the Helena May, but they were having their hundredth birthday today! I was glad to see the poppy was still on the grave when they visited.
11 Tai Hang Wing kindly let me know of a commemorative silver coin for the battle of Hong Kong being produced in Canada in October as part of a series (no doubt timed for the seventy-fifth anniversary of the invasion) covering the Second World War.
10 Peter Weedon emailed, noting that he is: “a medal collector and have been looking for a representative Defence of Hong Kong group. Today - with the assistance of NTSC - I achieved that aim. I have just purchased the group to Company Quartermaster Sergeant Frederick Walter Hamlen, Royal Army Service Corps. Details of the group can be found here”. He also has Hamlen’s POW Index Card and a few newspaper articles mentioning him.
9 Ian Gill mentioned that he spent some time with Stanley Internee Rosemary Barton in Bath in June of this year. He also has a very interesting article in the South China Morning Post Magazine. 9 Tai Hang Wong let me know that: “In the Summer 2016 edition of the University of Hong Kong Convocation Newsletter Barbara Myronuk, daughter of Vadim Bonch wrote a short note on her father's life in HK from 1930s to 1957 when he emigrated to Canada.” Vadim Bonch was a Bombardier in the HKVDC.
8Peter White, George White’s (3 Coy HKVDC) brother got back in contact. Peter and his mother spent three years in Rosary Hill.
7Cyril Ross’s (Royal Rifles of Canada) great granddaughter got in touch. Cyril Ross was Lancelot Ross’s cousin.
6 The Canadian Consulate very kindly invited me to be the guide for Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on his visit to Sai Wan War Cemetery. So I took the morning off and joined them. Everything was carefully planned for a ceremony at the Cross of Memorial but as the advanced party arrived, the heavens opened and the ground started to flood. So they quickly reorganised the ceremony, and held it at the shelter by the memorial wall, and my job became simply to give the prime minister a quick briefing before he signed the visitors’ book. However, while he was doing that the rain eased off, and the organisers asked me to accompany him down to the Canadian section and show him the graves there. That was no hardship, as he’s a very personable man and seemed thoughtful and genuinely interested. But I was a little amazed next day to see the two of us on the front page of the South China Morning Post, in the Asian Wall Street Journal’s ‘Photo Of The Day’, many other Canadian newspapers, and even on TV. The Harbour Times had a particularly good set of photos. 6Dave Deptford notes: “Via The Saleroom Website and at C & T Auctions on 7 Sept 2016, 'ephemera' (letters etc.) relating to 3 Chalmers brothers killed in WW2, one of which is as captioned. Description of Lot includes details of the three and short note on Lisbon Maru”.
5 I can’t recall who mentioned it to me, but I found an immediately post-war Japanese monograph on the battle of Hong Kong which was very interesting, and includes a number of good maps. It can be navigated to from here.
2 Following on from last month’s mention of the Harmony Three, Steve Denton mentioned: “I found this YouTube clip of the Western Brothers if you’re interested. Tim Carew mentions in his book Joe [Denton] and Ramp Bowen doing this act, Fran [Florence] would have been on the piano when they did it in concerts.” It gives an idea of the sort of entertainment they would have had in the camps. Steve continued: “Joe's Mum and Dad were theatrical proprietors and his Mum had her own dance troop and Joe would have seen many shows as a youngster.”
1 Following on from last month’s discussion about the defence of Ho Chi Minh by HK Solicitor (and Stanley Internee) Frank Loseby, Tai Hang Wong kindly sent a photo of Loseby with his wife and daughter visiting Chairman Ho Chi Minh in 1960. 1 Sandy Wynd kindly pointed me at this newspaper article about Stanley internee Andrea Jenner. 1 David Bellis on Gwulo has a new project to try to identify all the children on the famous Stanley liberation photo, part of which was used in the stained glass window of St Stephen’s Chapel.
September 1st, 2016 Update
Image:
August Images
Lau graves (author), Stanley cemetery (Sandra Lau), Rosary Hill list (via Dr Colin Day) Herbert Jordan's wedding (courtesy Pip Firth), Alfred Allen (courtesy Sandra Smith), Stephen Grove (courtesy Malcolm Grove) Harmony Three badge (courtesy Steve Denton), Comms Diagram (author), Ohel Leah Synagogue plaque (courtesy Ilan Ozer)
August News
I’ve been invited to do a very interesting project: Compile a list of all the diaries and memoirs of Hong Kong’s POWs and Internees. Published ones are simple, of course, as I maintain a complete annotated bibliography of published material. The interesting part is the unpublished section. I have always been amazed at how many people kept wartime diaries – ranging from a few scraps of paper with details of Red Cross parcel deliveries – to a 1,000 page tome by an HKVDC officer. Of course I won’t be able to cover all, but will find a representative selection from my own collection and those in archives.
29 Anne Ammundsen, the niece of Bob Newton of D Coy Rajputs who was killed when the Japanese invaded the North Shore of Hong Kong Island, confirmed that she is coming to visit his grave next month.
25On the Battle of Hong Kong facebook page, I saw a posting about a war memorial plaque at the Ohel Leah Synagogue. I think I missed this one when I did my roundup of Hong Kong war memorials some years back. I took exception to “S.D. Gerzo” – it sounds so impersonal. He was Samuel Daniel Gerzo, 1 Bty, killed At St Stephen's with Millington. When I noted that, Nona Langley added that his widow was Ida, and Luba Estes continued: “Then came word that Ida's husband was killed and my mother was asked to tell her. In my ten-year-old memory I could not even imagine what she was going through, this lovely lady lying on the bed part of the day totally distraught. Some of the war years we spent in Shanghai and found Ida again. My mother and she became closer friends. In 1945 when we returned to Hong Kong my parents invited Ida to stay in our house. My parents who were extremely hospitable invited British military officers for meals in our house. The food was not elegant tins of cornbeef seemed to be on the menu always. One officer who came was Joe Close, a very charming Captain. After meeting Ida he became a frequent visitor. They fell in love, married.”
24Bombardier Joe Denton’s grandson contacted me again, sending a host of interesting bits and pieces including a photo of the collar pips (illustrated) believed to be from the Japanese guard Sergeant Morita. Joe Denton was one of the ‘Harmony Three’ singers in Japan, together with Frank Florence RAMC, and Bombardier John ‘Ramp’ Bowen, RA. He was also a friend of Bombardier Thomas ‘Doughy’ Baker, and Lance Sergeant Johnny Inglis.
23George Rogerson’s (Royal Marines) son got in touch, pointing out that I had misspelled his father’s name as ‘George Roperson’. I have corrected it. I am hoping to learn more about the Royal Marines as they have been a rather under researched unit.
18 I received a message via some strange Vodafone system, from someone with an RAOC family background who was evacuated to Manila on the Empress of Japan, and then via the Awatea to Australia. Please contact me by email if you can! 18 A representative of Ying Wah College contacted me asking for further information on Herbert Noble, HKRNVR, who was headmaster of the school (which was also traditionally known as LMS, as it was founded by the London Missionary Society in 1818 in Malacca before moving to HK in 1843). Aside from war service, Noble served as the headmaster from the 1930s to the 50s.
17 Stephen Grove’s (HKVDC) granddaughter got in touch. Grove was part of the Air Unit, and left Hong Kong shortly before the invasion to move to Singapore and join the RAF there. Her father then kindly sent a photo, noting: “My father is… the first on the left of those marching. [He] left Singapore at the end of January when the RAF withdrew their planes to Java then Ceylon”. He added: “He was also Chairman of the Hong Kong Club for two years after the war, and his name is up there in the entrance.”Obviously Mr Grove was fortunate to leave Singapore before the Japanese attack. 17 John Roberts’s (RA) niece got in touch.
15 Fred Sanders’s (Royal Scots) granddaughter got in touch. 15 Albert Taylor’s (RA) son got in touch.
11 The Midlothian Advertiser ran a story on the Lisbon Maru, in which apparently Monkey Stewart was a Colonel of the Royal Scots, Lieutenant Potter was in the Royal Scots, and… well, you get the picture. At least in mentioned a few local men. 11 Tom Thomson sent a photo of Victor Thomson, Royal Scots: “in India circa 1936/7 possibly taken by Danny Fowler 2RS. Danny was a keen photographer. I saw some of his photograph albums in October 1994, he had sent them home with an officers wife during the evacuation of families.” 11I saw a ‘new’ book by Ralph Goodwin, ‘Escape from the Japanese’ advertised on Amazon today. I assume it’s a renamed reprint of his original Hong Kong Escape. Has anyone read it?
9 Signalman Alfred Allen’s daughter contacted me again (see February), kindly sending a couple of very nice photographs of him. 9 I’m working with a journalist on the fascinating story of Captain ‘Crumb’ Chattey. 9 Jim Trick reminded me that the HKVCA’s summer newsletter is published here.
8I discovered that the photo of amputees on HMS Oxfordshire that I published in the July edition is from the IWM. They label it: “Liberation and Repatriation August - September 1945: Limbless prisoners of war from Hong Kong celebrate liberation on board the hospital ship Oxfordshire. Left to right: R Jucke, Beausejoir, Manitoba, Canada; W Nunn, Colchester, England; J Smith, Doncaster, England; D Wanstall, Kirkaldy, Scotland; C Spendelow, Spalding, England; and seated W Parker, West Hendon, London.” Comparing this with my records, I believe they are: Reinhold Juenke, Winnipeg Grenadiers (hospitalized on 25 Dec 1941 at QMH), Walter Nunn, RE (leg amputated), Jack Smith, Royal Scots (leg amputated), David Wanstall, RN, HMS Thracian (leg amputated), George Spendelow, Royal Corps of Signals (leg amputated at thigh), and William Parker, RN, HMS Robin (leg amputated at QMH, 23 Dec 1941). The other image (of the same group but taken below decks) that I mentioned, and which is used in We Shall Suffer There, is also there. For some reason I can't save the exact URL, but you can navigate to both photos (and many more) from here.
7 Colin Day kindly sent me copies of a couple of pages from the National Archives with lists of Rosary Hill residents leaving for Macau in 1944. Rosary Hill is still one of the most under-researched parts of Hong Kong’s war, though apparently Vaudine England is studying it now. 7 Sandy Wynd kindly sent me this very interesting IWM Photo. Again, comparing the names with my records, I believe they are (left to right): Mrs Beatrice Doering, of West Norwood, London; Mrs Dora Begdon (HKVDC Nursing Detachment), of Cornwall; Miss Phylis Findlay, of Australia; Mrs Olive Burnett, Australia; Miss Grace Darby, Birmingham, England; Mr Arthur Groves (HKPF) and small daughter Joyce, of Birmingham, England. As Sandy pointed out, of course it should by Hong Kong rather than Japan. Also, Groves lost his young son (also Arthur) shortly after his birth in Stanley, and then his wife Doris (I believe in childbirth) in early 1944).
6 Pip Firth kindly sent me a photo of Bandmaster Herbert Jordan, Royal Scots, who is said to have been shot by his own guards when he failed to respond to a challenge (though the family heard he died of shrapnel wounds from a bomb). Unfortunately he is listed in CWGC files as ‘Jordon’, which we are trying to correct. Of the photo, he notes: “taken on the wedding day of Bandmaster Herbert Birkett Seddon Jordan and Noreen Anne Egan in Lahore on 20th February 1936 (Herbert Jordan seated to the left)”. Pip also had a great uncle, Claud Minot Newman, who was interned in Stanley and left a comprehensive diary. 6 A fellow researcher is investigating the wartime Japanese hijacking of the Sai On from Macau harbour. I wish I knew more about it. I was once contacted by a family who had several members who escaped from the vessel when it was brought back to Hong Kong, but that’s all I have heard.
5 Today I had a very interesting tour of Stanley with the families of BAAG agents Lau Tak-kwong, Lau Tak-oi, and David Loie Fook-wing. Under the leadership of David Loie, they formed part of Group M, which consisted mainly of Police Reservists and included several non-Chinese agents such as W.J. White and A.C. Shinton. They started operation in March 1943 and were one of the outstanding BAAG teams, reporting on a wide spectrum of enemy intelligence as well as communicating with Stanley Internment Camp. In May 1943, the Japanese accused the Lau’s of allowing their home to be used as a repository of intelligence documents. Members of Group M were also accused of possessing wireless radio receiver sets at White’s home at 97 Wan Chai Road, and at 39 Lockhart Road. David Loie killed himself, either just by jumping from the old LegCo building, or by taking cyanide and jumping, to avoid being forced to name any other members of the group. Lau Tak-kwong and Lau Tak-oi were executed. Loie is also mentioned here and in the Auxiliary Police History here. 5 Richard Modrell kindly sent me the War Diary of Chief Signal Officer China Command, Hong Kong. I read through it with great interest when I realized that I didn’t have a copy after all. One of the most interesting parts were the diagrams showing how communications were networked, and proving that there were a few wireless sets in use. Primarily they were used in the defence of the north shore of Hong Kong Island where Japanese shelling did the most damage to lines. One was at Fortress HQ, with one each at East and West Brigade HQs, one in Wanchai – presumably at Monkey Stewart’s HQ – and two with the Rajputs at Tai Koo and North Point. (I hope I’ve got that right; they used the A-F designations for battalions which if I recall correctly was A – Rajputs, B – Punjabis, C - Winnipeg Grenadiers, D - Royal Rifles, E – Middlesex, F - Royal Scots). However, the diary notes: “This chain was to adopt a listening role, and only to open up on case of urgency, or in the event of lines failing, or where a broadcast to all stations from Fortress was necessary”.
4Several people commented on my note about basing book titles on Churchill quotations. I realized belatedly that at least one other quote (of 23 December 1941) generated more than one wartime Hong Kong book title: “We were greatly concerned to hear of the landings on Hong Kong Island which have been effected by the Japanese. We cannot judge from here the conditions which rendered theses landings possible or prevented effective counter attacks upon the intruders. There must however be no thought of surrender. Evert part of the island must be fought and the enemy resisted with the utmost stubbornness. The enemy should be compelled to expend the utmost life and equipment. There must be rigorous fighting in the inner defences and if the need be from house to house. Every day that you are able to maintain your resistance you help the allied cause all over the world, and by a prolonged resistance you and your men win the lasting honour which we are sure will be your due. The eyes of the world are upon you. We expect you to resist to the end. The honour of the empire is in your hands.” The Lasting Honour was of course Oliver Lindsay’s very good book, and Resist to the End was Charles Barman’s memoir. I’ve always thought, though, that the phrase ‘We cannot judge from here the conditions which rendered theses landings possible or prevented effective counter attacks upon the intruders’ shows Churchill at his meanest. The tacit reprimand is as obvious as it is unfair.
3 A very interesting email between a number of ex-Hong Kong policemen today, noted that one Stanley internee, Robert Ellis, had been responsible for the "safe custody" of Ho Chi Minh who the British arrested in Hong Kong (in the early 1930s), and another Stanley internee, Frank Loseby, had defended him in court when the government decided to deport him.
1 Tai Hang Wong, following on from last month’s news of Fraser’s George Cross being auctioned, sent this interesting link about a post war George Medal won by a Hong Kong man in the Falklands. 1 EOD kindly informed me that the ‘nasties’ I mentioned being found in Fanling last month were four 3.5 inch anti tank rocket rounds (Bazookas) from the 1950s. “They were training rounds packed with beeswax, rusty and without any distinguishable markings.” 1 Received my copy of Escape to Pagan by Brian Devereux today. John Devereux, who the book is primarily about, was a Royal Scots sergeant who was shot in the head and badly wounded on 19 December 1941 (according to his medical files, thus probably at Wong Nai Chung Gap) and taken to Queen Mary Hospital on the 20th. Although the nerves in his face never mended properly, camp records show that he was on the 5th draft of POWs to Japan, and he was eventually liberated by the Americans from Tateyama (Nagoya #8B). Unfortunately, in the book he is an RSM, was wounded on Golden Hill, and was on the Lisbon Maru. Actually, post war he rose to the rank of WOI – which perhaps could have caused the confusion - but the other two points are a bit odd.
August 1st, 2016 Update
Image:
July Images
Wan Chai Gap pillbox and shelter (author), Cheung Yim Sang's HKVDC certificate (courtesy Paul Cheung) John Fraser (via SCMP), Ping Long Wan house, Miss Fan Lan (both courtesy Tai Hang Wong) Ian Burchett's veterans' event (courtesy Canadian Consulate HK), Signals War Diary (courtesy Richard Moddrel), Halldor report (courtesy Audun Urke)
July News
So, with the fourth book finally with the publishers, I can now turn to the fifth and last of the series, provisionally entitled Noticeable and Dangerous, and being the story of all the escapees/evaders from Hong Kong and their continued war work. In practice, the narrative is likely to centre around BAAG, but must also cover the Chindits and every other organisation these people founded or joined. How I wish now that I had called the Lisbon Maru book: Frittering Away, the Sinking of the Lisbon Maru. Then all five titles would have come from the one Churchill quote: “This is all wrong. If Japan goes to war with us there is not the slightest chance of holding Hong Kong or relieving it. It is most unwise to increase the loss we shall suffer there. Instead of increasing the garrison it ought to be reduced to a symbolical scale. Any trouble arising there must be dealt with at the Peace Conference after the war. We must avoid frittering away our resources on untenable positions. Japan will think long before declaring war on the British Empire, and whether there are two or six battalions at Hong Kong will make no difference to her choice. I wish we had fewer troops there, but to move any would be noticeable and dangerous.”
31 I finally handed in the manuscript for the new book today, provisionally titled Reduced to A Symbolical Scale, and covering the evacuation of British women and children from Hong Kong to Australia in 1940. I even provided provisional cover artwork, thanks to an original photograph from evacuee Margaret Simpson, a modern matching one from photographer friend Don Smallwood in Sydney, and help putting the two together from graphic (and Hong Kong history) expert Tan.
30 Well, my wife is away so I used that as an excuse to get up early and go for a long walk in the hills (yes, I know that’s pretty sad…) My route this morning was Bowen Road, Wan Chai Gap Road, Wan Chai Gap, down to Tai Tam Reservoir, back to Wan Chai Gap, Magazine Gap, Barker Road, then down Old Peak Road and home. I spent half an hour looking over and photographing the shelters and pillbox in the Wan Chai Gap region. The pillbox (a few metres down Lady Clementi’s ride) is one of my favourites as few people go there and the vegetation is so atmospheric, but I also noticed that one of the shelters is now so overgrown with creepers that it’s almost invisible.
28 I heard today the bad and totally unexpected news that Professor Jeffrey Grey, my PhD supervisor at the Australian Defence Force Academy, had passed away. There is an online memorial to him here.
25Cyril Bartlett’s (Middlesex) daughter got in contact, with the very welcome news that her 98 year old father is still with us! She also sent this very educational (and sometimes amusing) link to a TV appearance of his some years back.
23 Good news! The media is reporting that Fraser’s GC has been bought by a philanthropist and is likely to be donated to the nation. The SCMP also published what they say is a photo of Fraser, which I have not seen previously. 23 A researcher studying Stanley Internee John Webster McNaught got in touch. Unfortunately I don’t know anything about him (aside from his entry in the camp list), and nor does he appear in any of the Jurors’ Rolls I have.
22The Canadian Consulate kindly sent me today some photos from Ian Burchett’s leaving party. As the outgoing Canadian Consul he will be sorely missed, but as the photo shows perhaps 80% of those most seriously interested in Hong Kong’s wartime heritage today, it is well worth reproducing here.
19 Paul Normann Urke’s (first officer of the SS Haraldsvang, scuttled in Kowloon Bay on December 12th 1941) grandson got in touch. He attended last year’s Stanley Camp Reunion in Hong Kong as his grandfather was interned there. He notes: “In Not the Slightest Chance I noticed the name Jorgen Jorgensen, dead December 16th (page 89). I have good reasons to believe this is the captain on the Norwegian merchant ship SS Halldor. The ship was at dock in Taikoo Docks when bombed, on December 14th or 15th. Jørgen Jørgensen was born in Oslo December 8, 1879. One file says he died at the French Hospital. There is a grave at the Happy Valley Cemetery with the name Jorgen Jorgensen, but when I came across it on my trip to HK in February, this grave did seem much older than expected. However, Jørgen Jørgensen was not the only casualty from the SS Halldor. During the bombing another Norwegian seaman got hit and died: Per Gøsta Nyberg, born in Moss on September 2, 1882… One other file seems to indicate that there were casualties among the Chinese ship crew as well, three names are listed.” Those other three were Lei Eng Poh, Chien Tien Loo, and Law Wang, yet more local Hong Kong wartime fatalities who don’t seem to have been recorded on any formal memorial. 19 Paul Letters asked the Stanley Group about the demographics of the Stanley Internment guards. Barbara Anslow answered: “I don't recall any Indians or Sikhs, only Japanese and maybe Koreans. They were in the uniforms Don describes. A small group of three or four used to slouch through the camp on some days, they were no problem as long as you bowed to them. I do recall the event Don mentions when we all had to assemble on ground above the beach, it was soon after we entered Stanley, we wondered what was going to happen to us as we were surrounded by armed guards/soldiers. We feared we would be massacred, it was such a relief when we were allowed to go back to our billets which had been thoroughly searched during our absence.” Don Ady had noted: “Visible guards wore Japanese army uniforms: Black canvas shoes with a split for the two small toes, calf wrappings, and rumpled khaki uniforms with billed campaign caps. The calf wrappings made the trousers appear vaguely like jodphurs, as the fabric belled out a little just above the top of the wrappings. As I recall, the soldiers almost invariably bore their rifles with a bayonet mounted at the end of the gun barrel.”
15 Martin Heyes has been working with the family of policeman Robert Rudolph Ellis, who shared room 12/34 in Stanley Internment Camp with three others of the force. His granddaughter is currently working in Hong Kong.
12 Pip Firth, an ex resident of Hong Kong, is asking is anyone knows the exact location of Skeet Ground, or has photos? This was the Royal Scots’ HQ Kowloon side, and is only described (as far as I know) as ‘near Castle Peak Road, Tsuen Wan to the SE of the Redoubt’.
11 Kathleen Crawford (whose father was Donald Matheson, Royal Scots) kindly sent a photo of Villa Milagrosa in Baguio to which her mother was evacuated in 1940.
9 Richard Moddrel, son of Signalman Peter Moddrel, HK Signal Company (who finally left the army as a WOII after 22 years service), kindly sent me his father’s service records. He also included the cover of the Royal Signals War Diary. I had the text already, but had not previously seen the cover.
8 Cheung Yim Sang’s (HKVDC) grandson got in touch, kindly sending his certificate of service. Like many Chinese Volunteers, he is listed in my files as ‘did not enter camp, or escaped early’.
3Dave Deptford notes: “The George Cross awarded to John Alexander Fraser, executed on the 20th October 1943 appears for auction as Lot 5 in the Dix Noonan Webb sale catalogue for 22 July 2016. Estimate (wait for it) GBP 120,000 to GBP 150,000. Notification of award in the London Gazette of 29th October 1946.” For the Hong Kong Dictionary of National Biography, I was asked to write the entries for Maltby and Harcourt to bracket the war. But I also asked the editors if I could add Fraser, and they kindly agreed. Shame, though, to see his medals for sale, though the circumstances are covered in the South China Morning Post. Dave also noted that Colonel Esmond H. M. Clifford’s – Command Engineers - medals (CBE Group of 8 medals awarded to the above at Lot 7 in DNW at sale as earlier advised, estimated at GBP2200 – 2600) are also for sale.
2 Continuing the discussion about the guerrillas, Tai Hang noted that the activities of anti-Japanese guerrillas in Ping Long Wan village of Saikung are mentioned at least in the following four Chinese books: - Hsu Yur Ching (ed.), A Record of the Anti-Japanese Activities of the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade in Saikung District, Joint Publishing, Hong Kong, 1993. - Hsu Yur Ching (ed.), Fighting In Hong Kong, Ocean Printing, Hong Kong, 1997. - Chen King Tong, Yau Siu Kam, Chen Ka Liang (eds.), The Defence of Hong Kong: Collected Essays on the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade of the East River Column, Hong Kong Museum of History, 2004. - Chen Dun Tak, A Record of the Hong Kong Office of the Eighth Route Army, Chung Hua Publishing, Hong Kong, 2012. “The story of [one of the] Little Devils Mr. Lau On are documented in two of the books listed above and confirmed by the 1997 memoir of Miss Fan Lan, head of the Urban Area Detachment of the HK-Kowloon Brigade based in Ping Long Wan village. [Miss Fan Lan] was an anti-Japanese student activist living in Wanchai District before the Second World War. After the fall of Hong Kong she went to China and joint the East River Column. In the winter of 1943 she was redeployed from Tung Koon back to HK to head the Urban Area Detachment at the age of 23. Little Devil Lau On was a next-door neighbour of the link-house that the guerrillas used as their hideout.”
1 TK notes: “a book published by the HANG HAU DISTRICT RURAL COMMITTEE in 2009 has all the names of guerrillas who fought during the occupation. The names of my father in law and his brothers are shown. One of my maternal uncles (son of the owner of the house used as hiding place) was a graduate of King's College, HK. Since he could speak English, he served as a Coast Watcher with the Americans in the mountains around Amoy, China. The parts played by the local residents in Saikung or NT deserve further study. There are some Chinese books on this topic but no English except the one by Chan Sui-jeung-East River Column. But that book describes mainly the part of pro-communist forces not local NT residents. Hope some one will take up this job.” 1 John Davidson’s (HKVDC) son got in touch. He was evacuated in 1940 with his mother. Initially I had thought that his father was Donald Davidson (who was killed by the Japanese at Tai Tam Tuk pumping station) as he was the only Davidson serving with the HKVDC when hostilities commenced. But in fact his father was John Davidson who left Hong Kong shortly before the invasion, and joined his wife and son in Sydney. 1 Tai Hang Wong notes: “On pp 221 to 222 of Edwin Ride's BAAG book Lt. J.D. Clague reported to Lt. Col. Ride that Agents 19, 46 and 48 had purchased a junk and permanently based it at Ngam Tau Sha. Miss Elizabeth Ride has kindly sent me two pieces of her late father's papers about this junk which helped in the 3-day escape of two Hong Kong bank officers T Fenwick and J Morrison on 18th October 1942 from Shaukiwan to Sha Yu Chung in Mirs Bay. To update Miss Ride about Ngam Tau Sha I sent her the following letter and a 1960's photo of the Tung Shum Lung section (new section) of the Ping Long Wan Village. The house behind the tree on the right of the 1960s photo is my grandfather's house that was used by the Red guerrillas as a hideout. A wild historical imagination of mine speculates that BAAG agents might probably have visited this house in their FIGS liaisons with the guerrillas.” The photo shows the same house (third building from the right) as at November 2014. 1 Vic Ient, via Ron Taylor (UK), notes: “I met and have written up the biography (in draft) of William Butler, Royal Signals. I did this by way of recording an interview with him and also taking information from his own story, written up by a volunteer some years ago. In own story he refers to a fellow servicemen called Vernon Talks who was on the Lisbon Maru. I suspect that the surname has been written down incorrectly by whoever transcribed his story. Sadly I can't check with Bill Butler as he died a few years ago.” I was on holiday, and Ron answered before I could. Driver Vernon Talks was indeed the name, though he was lost in the sinking. Vic has written up his father’s (Albert Ient) story here, and has notes on his fellow POWs here. Albert’s wife and two children were evacuees. 1 Chrissie Willicombe kindly sent a number of images relating to Percy Gubb (see last month). These included a press article about the Boon trial, including the first photo of Major Cecil Boon that I recall seeing. 1 George and Jimmy Kotwall’s great niece kindly sent me a number of photos, including a good head-and-shoulders of George (illustrated), and a small photo of them together as boys.
July 1st, 2016 Update
Image:
June Images
Vyner Gordon (courtesy Gavin, Colin & Duncan Gordon), James Hill (courtesy Andrew Hill), Borge Agerbak (courtesy Carol Hadley) Kennedy Road wall (author), Hong Kong War Activities Committee (courtesy Elizabeth Ride), Oxfordshire amputees (via facebook) Duncan Sloss, Stanley dentists, Stanley liberation (all via facebook)
June News
I’ve noted many times that thirty years ago the biggest challenge in studying Hong Kong’s Second World War experience was the great lack of paperwork. Today, though, we’re rolling in it – with the internet being the great facilitator. Normally I ignore historical photos on facebook on the basis that they are already accessible to everyone (and my preference is finding unpublished photographs). However, this month I came across a very interesting bunch of POW and Internee photos, including one of the ex-HK POW amputees on Oxfordshire. Anyone who has a copy of We Shall Suffer There can see a similar photograph taken below decks probably a few minutes earlier.
28 I heard the bad news today that James Wilson, one of the very few Lisbon Maru survivors still left, passed away on the 22nd.
26Carol Hadley, daughter of Winnipeg Grenadier Borge Agerbak, kindly let me publish a photograph of him. I was lucky enough to meet him face to face, on his visit to Hong Kong more than fifteen years ago. Carol let me know that only two Winnipeg Grenadiers, one from HW, and sixteen Royal Rifles are still with us.
25 Percy Gubb’s (Middlesex, Lisbon Maru) niece got in touch. 25 Today at the Hong Kong Club we had a memorial service, organised by Maiko and Jamie, for Toby Brown who sadly passed away last year. Toby was a man with hugely diverse interests and intimidating knowledge of a vast number of domains of knowledge. Hong Kong’s World War Two heritage was just one area that fascinated him, and among many other things he set up the Bold Venture website after I took him to the crash site a few years ago (I am vain enough to assume I am the ‘warm hearted Brit’ mentioned). His loss, even now, hasn’t really sunk in.
24 I’ve been working on the photographs for the forthcoming book about the evacuees, and the Gordon family has been very helpful. Today Duncan Gordon kindly sent me an excellent photo portrait of Vyner Gordon, who was lost in the battle of Hong Kong after his family was evacuated. The Hill family also kindly sent me a photo of policeman James Hill, who was interned in Stanley while his family spent the war years in Australia.
22 I received a very interesting communication today: “My mother, Phyllis Katherine Lang, lived in HK during the war years and her two uncles George and Jimmy Kotwall were executed by the Japanese. Her boyfriend Cedric Salter receives mention in your book. My mother and Cedric corresponded during his time in Shamshuipo and I have her diaries and his letters that were smuggled from inside the camp. My question is could there have been more than one Cedric Salter? In your book it mentions that he avoided capture by posing as a Norwegian and eventually escaped to China. However the Cedric my mother knew was in Shamshuipo until being shipped to Innoshima Japan, I believe on the Tatsuta Maru in January 1943.” Indeed there were two Cedric Salters. This one was a signalman in the HKVDC Armoured Car Platoon, whereas the escapee was a Royal Scot.
21 Walking back from Causeway Bay along Kennedy Road I finally photographed the old wall on the north side of the road. Clearly pre-war, it doesn’t look like it will last much longer.
17 I heard the sad news today that Robbie Poulter, son of CQMS William Poulter of the 1st Middlesex, and a Lisbon Maru survivor, had passed away. Robbie was one of many people helping me with research into the 1940 evacuation.
15 Henry Langley, whose Hong Kong Dockyard family were evacuated to Australia in 1940, and then followed his father to Singapore when he was posted there before it was attacked, noted an extraordinary occurrence a few weeks ago when he received a phone call out of the blue. “This was from a lady in Melbourne who asked me if I had sisters Rosemary and Veronica. I replied yes. It transpired that she was phoning on behalf of a friend who had known my sisters when they were living in Melbourne in 1940/41 and indeed he had been to school with Rosemary. His friend had made various enquiries and done a lot of research (e.g. she had tracked some of the family’s journeys by ship all those years ago), and was ringing around people with my surname in the area. After the family had gone to Singapore and then back to England, he had kept in touch with Veronica by letter into the 1950s… Since that phone call both he and his friend have been to England. I met up with them three weeks ago and since then they have both met Rosemary and Veronica. And we are going to keep in touch. Anyway, I think it is an extraordinary story to meet up again, as he has done with both my sisters, nearly 75 years after they last met!”
14 Arthur Budd’s (Winnipeg Grenadiers) son got in touch, and ever since I have been having a fascinating conversation with him. Apparently his father was wounded in the chest on 19 December, and was the beneficiary of an extremely skilful operation by a Scottish surgeon (either at St Albert’s or the BMH). The son notes: “After the war the surgeon wrote a letter to the Canadian gov't recommending him for a medal and forwarded a copy to my parents. My father tore it up and carried on with his life. My mother was frustrated that my sister and I were not able to read it. That being said the letter is not in his military file and that is fine. My sister and I cannot recall the name of the surgeon. My father did not stay in touch with him but he did try to find him in 1964 when he took us all to the UK and Scotland. He had practiced in Glasgow and Dad was advised by the hospital where he practiced he had died a couple of years before.” We have tried all the obvious possibilities, but so far have not identified the doctor (who apparently had said that Budd “was lucky he had been brought to him as he was the only one skilled enough to do the surgery”).
11 I heard the very sad news today that Jack Etiemble, RA – one of a handful of wonderful men who gave me enormous assistance with the Lisbon Maru book – passed away on May 26. His funeral was on June 15. Very kindly his daughter noted: “Thank you for getting him to open up about his war time experiences, it took a long time to come out and remained with him until the end but he found it easier to speak of it after meeting you.” 11 This evening my younger son and I had the great pleasure of meeting Brigadier Sir Lindsay Ride’s grandson Carsten Schanche for dinner. His mother, Elizabeth Ride, also sent me a very interesting document called Hongkong War Activities Committee.
9Elizabeth Ride kindly sent detailed notes on her father’s escape route. I just wish I had time to go and explore it all! Clearly he took some pretty steep off-piste routes as he wrote at one point: "Today was really the first time in my life that I knew really what it was to have the throat parched and tongue sticking to the roof of the mouth with thirst."
7 Ken Skelton was kind enough to pass me this In Memoriam notice for a Royal Rifle: “Batley, Eric (1922-2016). It is with great sadness that the family announces the peaceful passing of Eric Batley at the Hotel Dieu Hospital on Monday, May 16, 2016, in his 94th year. Eric was one of the last surviving Hong Kong Veterans. Husband of the late Jean Lowe. Dear father of Wayne (Shirley Judge) and Debbie (Larry Everett). Cherished grandpa of Amy and Megan Batley and Jessica and Dillon Everett.”
6My copy of Reginald G. Davis’s The Long Journey Home arrived today (illustrated). It’s a very thin volume, but interesting for its description of the Stonecutter Island RT unit, and the experience at Tamano Camp (especially its liberation and the repatriation of its inmates, which I’ve not seen documented elsewhere). Davis was also a man who had the whole Hong Kong experience, marrying a 1940 Hong Kong evacuee who was also the daughter of a Lisbon Maru victim. He names her as just Vera, but from my records I am pretty sure she was Vera W. Baskerville, daughter of TSM Albert Baskerville of 12th Coastal Regiment, RA. 6 EOD kindly informed me that the 9.2 inch shell found recently was in fact a Japanese 240mm. They are quite similar in size. Apparently it had been defused, probably quite soon after it was fired.
5 Elizabeth Ride pointed out that her father filmed some of his escape route in the 1950s, and the film is in the HKU Special Collections.
1 In response to the question about walking the POW escape routes (see last month) Tai Hang Wong replied: “Back to the early 1980s I walked two sections of the track with my friends that Col. Ride had done in January 1942. We did it in two weekend one-day trips in the winter. The first one from Lai Chi Kok to Siu Lek Yuen of Shatin. The second from Mau Ping to Three Fathoms Cove of Saikung. It was quite difficult to find or estimate the exact spots and locations that are mentioned in his son's book about the BAAG especially in the built up areas of the city. We just took the shortest or most direct streets or tracks when we were not sure. I anticipate it will be more troublesome in guesstimate them now three decades later.”
June 1st, 2016 Update
Image:
May Images
Johnson's Christmas Card (courtesy Kerry Norrie), Commander Dulley, Harbour view (both courtesy Hugh Dulley) Stafford Smith with Brian Gill (courtesy Ian Gill), John Darby's Index Card (courtesy Carolyn Johnson), Inclinometer (courtesy Dave via Stuart Wood) Jubillee Barracks (via facebook), William Forsey newspaper clipping and ID (both courtesy Brian Forsey)
May News
At the end of the month my wife and I were invited by Cathay Pacific to view their first brand new A350 Airbus at Chek Lap Kok. They provided a bus which drove us onto the new airport (built out of the sea just twenty years ago), and as we circled round to HAECO we had an amazing view of the new Macau bridge. In a Hong Kong that changes so much from generation to generation, it is amazing that so many wartime relics remain, and perhaps even more amazing that ‘new’ veterans of the fighting in 1941 are still turning up. Emotionally history has a strange way of seeming closer each year, though in practice we know the gulf will always grow.
30 Harry Holden’s (RASC) family got in touch.
29Elizabeth Ride kindly sent me the war crimes transcript statement of Lau Tak Oi’s mother. Lau Tak Oi was married to David Loei.
28 Kerry Norrie, the daughter of the first officer of HMPS Perla kindly sent me her father’s (William Alan Johnson) 1940 Christmas card.
27 Brian Edgar has written a new blog about Rudolf Zindel of the Red Cross, who has come in for a lot of criticism over the years, and yet those of us who spend a foolish amount of time studying these things generally feel that he did a decent job in an unenviable situation. Brian has also found a story here about a Eurasian boy in Stanley with his sister and American mother, living with the Dutch community.
23 Bob Tatz was asking about Stanley internees Catherine Hellevik and Ingeborg Warild. He notes: “Catherine Hellevik and Olga Robinson (my godmother) were good friends from Stanley days. According to Olga, apparently Norman was separated from his mother on the troopship as he was ‘slightly’ too old to be included in the cabin berths for women and children. Being diabetic and beyond care by his mother, he gorged on chocolate and candies excessively (what kid wouldn’t after all those years), and never survived the journey home with his mother. Sad story.” How typical of these researches (and how sad) to have two tales of these immediate post-war deaths in the same month. 23 Victor Thomson’s Grandson mentioned a helpful Japanese camp official called ‘Uncle John’ and I immediately assumed he was referring to Watanabe in Stanley. It turns out though, that this Uncle John was a different helpful Japanese guard in Kobe: “my Grandfather had been on a work party, felt unwell and had squatted down. One of the Japanese guards carrying his rifle and a stick had come along and my Grandfather expected to get a beating, but instead the guard had drawn the image of a fish in the dust and given him an aspirin and told him to take a rest but look busy if anyone had come along. Later the same guard had shown him a wallet containing some 1st world war decorations (including British medals) he had been awarded after fighting in the 1st World War. He tried to help them as much as possible but sadly when discovered was executed for having the courage to follow his convictions.” Has anyone else come across him? 23 The Researching FEPOW History Group have announced their June 2017 conference: “The latest RFHG newsletter is now available for you to download here. This includes the exciting news that once again we are working in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to stage the 6th international FEPOW History Conference! It's all happening 9 - 11 June 2017 - be sure to get your place booked early!”
22 Someone has posted Breakthrough Film’s King & Country Episode 2 - Disaster in Hong Kong, onto YouTube here. I gave these guys some assistance and took a day off when they came to HK, to show them around. Glad to see my name rush past in the credits at the end!
21 Here’s an interesting challenge: Has anyone ever done a Shamshuipo escape walk? In other words, followed the exact route taken by escapees? I recall a friend once doing Goodwin’s route, and of course the HERO team did the MTB escape, but has anyone followed the others paths? 21 Two years ago Julia Law was trying to find details of his great grandfather, George Frosts in Stanley Camp. However, two George Frosts were interned, George Benjamin Frost and George Bartle Frost. Now he has found details of a grave, with enough details to show it was the latter.
20Ian Gill sent the Stanley group a link to the South China Morning Post Magazine story: “My grandfather's amazing life in China and how he found my mother”, with the blurb: “In 1916 in Hunan, Hong Kong-born Frank Newman took in an abandoned baby girl, much to the disapproval of his compatriots. Her son, Manila-based journalist Ian Gill, discovers that was just one of many surprises in the life of a most independent-minded man.”
16 Yet another nasty item turned up in the hills today. I am also seeing more and more evidence of ‘rogue’ detectorist activity - especially along Hatton Road – where they are making large excavations and leaving the road covered in earth. They’re not even likely to find anything interesting in that area, except for unexploded Japanese 150mm shells which are best avoided for obvious reasons. But one very interesting item did turn up recently, on the surface: an artillery inclinometer.
13 Another ‘new’ veteran of the war in Hong Kong turned up today, thanks to Martin Heyes who let me know he is in contact with the family. He is Ron Freer, Royal Artillery, who turns 101 this year.
12George Boote kindly let me know of the existence of a book called “The Long Journey Home”. I took one look and thought, ‘yes, of course I have The Long Journey Home’. But when I took a closer look, mine is by a member of the HKDDC called Victor Merrett. George’s one is by a Royal Naval radio man by the name of Reg Davis, is still available from the Braunton and District Museum at Davis’s home town.
11 So many interesting second world war Hong Kong photos turn up on facebook and other social media sites these days. Often they are repeats of well-known ones (though sometimes in a welcome high quality) and occasionally brand new. A photo of Jubillee Barracks turned up today, probably taken shortly pre-war, that I had never seen before.
9 Ian Gill notes: “I recently found in a compartment of my mother Billie's old leather suitcase a cachet of family photos, including an informal series on Brian. I attach two, one of Brian with Mickey Hahn and another with Uncle Stafford Smith.” The one with Hahn (illustrated) is nice, but who was Stafford Smith? According to my records there was a gentleman of that name in the ARP, and I have one note saying ‘died?’ But aside from the fact that he seems to have been known as both F Stafford Smith and Stafford F Smith, I don’t know anything about him.
8 William Forsey’s (HKDDC) son wrote me a letter, describing his father’s death on the hospital ship Oxfordshire on the way back to the UK after surviving the whole war in Shamshuipo. This is one of a tragic group of deaths I originally came across in my researches, that have post-war dates and no known grave. It took me a while to realise that these were burials at sea.
7 Brian Edgar has found an obituary of policeman Geoffrey Wilson. Many years after he retired, I used to correspond with Wilson from his retirement home in Portugal.
6John Darby’s (RA) great niece got in touch, kindly sending a copy of his POW Index Card. 6 Karen Lewis sent the Stanley Group an interesting photo of internees grinding rice (Barbara Anslow’s brother in law Clifton Large is the one wearing the hat, the other person is probably Leo Barton).
5 Allan Thomson kindly sent me a document relating his grandfather (Victor Thomson’) experiences as a POW and on the Lisbon Maru.
3 Dave Deptford kindly let me know that: “in DNW of 17 - 18th inst, Lot 133 is the Military Medal Group 7 to Sergeant H. V. Pearse HKVDC: BWM and Victory (Royal Marine Light Infantry), 39 - 45 Star, Pacific Star, Defence and War Medals. MM for defence of HK, Citation in LG of 4.4.46 (Maltby's Despatch). Estimate GBP 2400 to 2800.” 3 This evening I was invited to the Canadian Consul’s (Ian Burchett) house, along with many other people involved in this period of Hong Kong’s history, for a very enjoyable reception. Ian has done a great job in Hong Kong, and has been a great supporter of the cause of Canada’s wartime involvement in Hong Kong, but will be leaving for Ottawa soon.
2 Unfortunately the records of the locally-enlisted men who joined the regular RE and RA in Hong Kong seem to have been lost. Elizabeth Ride believes that Lau Kwok Ping was a Corporal in the regulars, but it’s not mentioned on the CWGC entry. Does anyone know? Interestingly, the scan of the old paper files show that Lau Tak Oi is listed as ‘son of’ instead of ‘daughter of’, but that has been corrected in her online entry.
1 Brian Edgar kindly sent a two-page report that Annie Sydenham co-wrote with Dean Smith on 20 November 1942 about children’s nutrition in Stanley Internment Camp. 1 Of last month’s report, Henry Ching noted: “Re the reference to R.J. Masters in the entry for 28th April, you have no doubt seen my father’s diary entry for 21st April, 1943. The visit of the Japanese gendarmes that night terrified us. They had in tow George Kotwall who, as you know, was subsequently executed.”
Links to other Primary Sources.
Kenneth Cambon, Rifleman, Royal Rifles of Canada. (Website) Maximo Cheng, Gunner, HKVDC, later with Chindits. (Sound file) Lloyd Beresford Chinfen, Hong Kong civilian, later fought with SOE. (Sound file) Charles Colebrook, Lance Corporal, RAOC. (Sound file) Francis Deloughery, Reverend Captain, Canadian Chaplains Service. (Website) Phil Doddridge, Rifleman, Royal Rifles of Canada. (Website) Tom Forsyth, Private, Winnipeg Grenadiers. (Website) Arthur Gomes, Corporal, HKVDC. (Sound file) Marjorie Grindley, Auxiliary Nurse, Stanley internee. (Sound file) John Harris, Second Lieutenant, Royal Engineers. (Sound file) Buddy Hide, Acting Stoker P.O., Royal Navy. (Website) Donald Hill, Squadron Leader, RAF. (Website) Drummond Hunter, Lieutenant, Royal Scots. (Sound file) Charles Jordan, Gunner, Royal Artillery, Lisbon Maru. (Sound file) Daisy Joyce, Stanley internee, embroiderer of bedsheet. (Sound file) Uriah Laite, Reverend Captain, Canadian Chaplains Service. (Website) David Lam, Private, HKVDC, later with BAAG. (Sound file) Tom Marsh, Sergeant, Winnipeg Grenadiers. (Website) James Miller, Private, Royal Scots. (Website) Raymond Mok, Sergeant, HKVDC Field Ambulance, later with BAAG. (Sound file) James O'Toole, Acting Staff Sergeant, RAOC. (Website) Maurice Parker, Major, Royal Rifles of Canada. (Website) Andy Salmon, Sergeant, Royal Artillery, Lisbon Maru. (Sound file) Joseph Sandbach, Reverend, Stanley internee. (Sound file) Albert Shepherd, Lance Bombardier, Lisbon Maru. (Sound file) Alexander Shihwarg, Private, HKVDC. (Sound file) William Sprague, Private, HKVDC. (Website). Charles Trick, Private, Winnipeg Grenadiers. (Website) Montagu Truscott, Corporal, Royal Corps of Signals, Lisbon Maru. (Sound file) Alec Wright, Second Lieutenant, HKVDC. (Sound file) Bernard Felix Xavier, Signalman, HKVDC, later OSS agent in Macau. (Sound file)
